长难句 e;GLPB
第一节：非谓语动词
<u]M):b3
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe ~[l6; bn
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. 18f!k
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. FNL[6. !PV
第二节：名词性从句 +!h~T5Ck
一 主语从句 S
{oW
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. F6 ?4&h?n
0tyoH3o/d
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. ^aYlu0Wm
二 宾语从句 vik A
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. R?MRRq
a9]F.Jm
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. v EppkS U1
三 表语从句 UKX9C"-5v
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. N3dS%F,_
HY-7{irR~
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. 9 Rl-Jz8g
四 同位语从句 a,mG5bQ!
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. e.-+zkQ8EI
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. hWc`4xdl
第三节：定语从句 ]nPfIBoS
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina +g %h,@
,w-=8>5lrj
}_Y&kaM
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. vge4&H3a &
s/Ne,v
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. j IO2uTM~
第四节：状语从句 =u\W {1
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. p+x}$&<|
hc7"0mV d{
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. #/N;ScyUJT
第五节：并列结构
h k*@<ff
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. om_UQgC@r
9 +1}8"~
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. d23;c )'
第六节：强调结构 ,8. Fd|#L
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 ( JMk0H3u
%"[`
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 V2B@Lq
"9`
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 9U]3B)h%m
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 }BYs.$7
3 强调部分提前 x*'2% 3C~
!)r1zSY"g
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. $I0&I[_LzK
kR0/jEz
C
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. R1cOUV,y[/
_^ZBSx09)
U{C& R&z
第七节：比较结构 <nvzNXql
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 X_HU?Q_N
一、as…as…句型 sgLw,WZ:
（一）as…as…句型 pQ,|l$^m
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… fK/|0 @B8
和….一样”。 Zdfruzl&`
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 m Yx6JU*`
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 2F&VG|"
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 )+ ( GE
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 ooA%/
（四）notsomuch as…句型 Oh=E!
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 ?Gnx!3Q
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 ThiM
6Hb
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 ){ < qp
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 Uz_OUTFM
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. &gdhq~4#
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 2n3!p Z8
PfN[)s4F{R
三、more…than…句型 cGM?r}zJ
（一）more Athan B句型 /l` "
@
A比B多 ' OXL'_Xl
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 +JejnG0
是B而不是A Yln[ZmK9g
与其说A不如说B @
bIZ0tr4
（二）morethan…句型 x/L(0 z
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 ;;
?O S
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 #i 5@G*
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 8}Cp(z 2
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 "IJ 9vXI
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 |. ?$:D&6
（三）nomore…than…句型 FT6~\9m(
1. nomore Athan B B-oQjr-
notAanymorethan B 06NW2A%wv
J'C%
-ZH6*7!
A不是B也不是 b[^|.>b
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 TFO4jjiC"
[j 'lB
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. "?>hQM1R
*6wt+twH
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. Q#PkfjXS
^=ar Kp,?5
第八节：否定结构 \t
^ 9UN
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 4Un%p7Y~
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… Gj&`+!\
may (might)aswell… P"a9+ti+'
too…todo too…forn r2=4Wx4(
2 形式否定但意义肯定 !"SuE)WM
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） -] `Oa
L!
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 <P_B|Y4N/
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 XXy &1C
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 V5rW_X:]8
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. vt(cC) )
k? !'OHmBL
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. :xZ^Jq91
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. fBnlB_}e
S3sxK:
6Gh3r
第九节：倒装结构 sh;>6xB
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. \s_`ZEB
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. }5=tUfh)]'
第十节：分裂结构 a[7 Lqu
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. tjbI*Pw7(
J'@`+veE
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. `Zd\d:Wyv
}\]J?I+ A
