医学博士英语写作总结 Ty88}V
$XoQ]}"O
一、原则与要求:不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!!2-5个长句!不写或少写短句!!一般真题范例在10-15句左右。 .F+@B\A<
^n0]dizB
二、现场写作技巧 EJ2yO@5O
hB{jUP)";
①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。②翻译标题,有标题就译,没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。 f 2l{^E
#h
-W>'^1cR
精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 JU&+c6>
P;4w*((} ~
1.下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall;上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase; b+Br=Fv"T
qx%}knB
2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; ,0LU~AGe
?IpLf\n-
3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; gCyW Vp
Gg
KEP,O
4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; Y".RPiTL
u]OW
8rc
5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system kBN+4Dr/$
@V!r"Bkg.
6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care,服务体系service system; T1H"\+
0]4(:(B
7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene;个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 8g7
<KKw
c [5KG}
8.lite清淡的;protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食; M9f35
:
|ZQ@fmvL/p
9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施
Tgl}
G$sA`<<
10.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病, Ps<d('=
9+pmS#>_
11.虫媒insect pollination;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease: Fgh]KQ/5
r
hfb ftw
12.肾病综合征:nephrotic/renal syndrome; Qa.uMq
/soKucN"h
13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热; MuSUKBhM
0P]E6hWgg
14.爆发流行:break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion
O]m+u
qcT'nZ:
15.传染:infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable; !Ta>U^7
JwXT%op9RP
communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; s8h-,@
p
F,'exuZ
communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 28=O03q
kTvd+TP4
16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission )[Yv?>ib
ivz{L-
17.传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation 3=L.uXVb
.e3+s*
18.污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate pf
7it5
E^SH\5B
19.福祉 well-being, happiness; jXMyPNTK
Y"wUt &
20.衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile pL
zk
l
c '=mA
21.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的 "^]cQ"A
fP `b>]N_
22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension J":,Vd!*-
5kz)5,KjM
23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon;亚健康 sub-health ,9o"43D:a|
<|Pun8j
24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork X.e7A/ClEo
|1>*;\o-
25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years `WH"%V:"Q
_Iv6pNd/
26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health =Fr(9(
6Avw-}.7>
27.分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. ~7zGI\=P@
BFOq8}fX2
28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations; oczN5YSt
s=QAO!aw
基本原则fundamental principle/ rule,basic rule or principle; qDfd. gL
/Dj=iBO
29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 a,WICv0E
-B$2\ZE
30.民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people;合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; ]3l 9:|
(X3Tav
31.死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from u!W0P6
~S7D>D3S
The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. uD@#
uvG]1m#
There have been more deaths from drowning. &?yZv{
u2?|Ue@[
How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少? ,~]tg77
De(Hw&
IV
32.归结为 boil down to;come down to;
{*I``T_+
5X:*/FuS@
归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; #kaY0M
v63"^%LX
归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 @8ppEFw
?1K#dC52#
33.大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive;大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak u /\EtSH
a+Kj1ix
34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; ~U@;gLoD
:i .{
因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; "Pu!dJ5[]
\(^nSy&N
孤立现象an isolated phenomenon; ^5h]Y;tx
Pu*6"}#~
复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate; ~^r29'3
3 +G$-ru
极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 <YhB8W9 P
pH"#8O&
35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances; ECrex>zr%
(2^gVz=j
养老保险 endowment insurance; PE3vQH=t~
$JMXV
退休养老金retirement pension; 2Q/4bJpd
j/f?"VEr
Health Care Reform医疗改革 0 Tx{3#
y}My.c
36.激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity; ;U.hxh;+
iB%gPoDCL@
37.月经期menstrual period SEGri#s
^h~x)@=
38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace =F]FP5V
-- %N8L;e
39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care ->g*</
(`c
[#0=n
40.安乐死euthanasia; a1+#3X.
_m
gHJ 0v'
41.得绝症的terminally ill; bzuEfFaL
V )x$|!(
42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care &]v4@%<J
]
2eK
濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient :D%"EJ
Y2ZT.l
43.Secondhand Smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. ,9}h
{|&5_][
_wkVwPr
j53*E
)d