考博英语语法重点总结 =g7x'
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 //up5R_nx
独立主格特征 (U DnsF
1. 充当句子的状语。 OR P\b
2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。 B-
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3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 r8t}TU>C
4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) M><yGaaX/
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. g.k"]lP
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ?.m bK
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). }`@vF|2L
真题剖析 :^lI`9'*R
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. MVpGWTH@F
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because EgEa1l!NSQ
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. pHGYQ;:L
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be ~f2z]JLr:
虚拟语气 $
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虚拟语气(2) TIqtF&@o4
1. (should)+动词原形 I.(,hFx;
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 olB.*#gA
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 7DogM".}~Q
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 >a<.mU|#
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 oi7@s0@
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 zy?|ODM
would rather +动词过去式 [C 7^r3w
真题剖析 ZL&qp04}
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … BGZ#wru
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t d A}-]
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. T3.&R#1M8-
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded VOsRAn/N
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. XAKs0*J>
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take wD}l$& +
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. IVnHf_PzF
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) BQHVQs
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should G^|:N[>B
非谓语动词 A/$QaB,x
动名词、分词、不定式。 V]6dscQ
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ea2ayT
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) wo{gG?B
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 :A_@,Q
真题剖析 a 7V-C
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops
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(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. z6\UGSL
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative @+2=g WH
主谓一致 ]IQ&>z}<
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 ZgcMv
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. ',@3>T**
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. M#6W(|V/
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 kd(8I_i@
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 20 h, ^
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 s?}e^/"v
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 xwq
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). prF%.(G2)
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 |v%YQ
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Everyone knows that you’ve come here. &)ChQZA
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) L|xbR#v
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) %/.b~|,-
He no less than John is interested in literature. CYP q#rd
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) ^"2
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. *Kgks 4
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 }2.`N%[
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. k$R-#f;
真题剖析 HC
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. %T%sGDCV
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some $|@@Qk/T
倒装
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全部倒装 WiR(;m<g
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” J
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There stand big buildings in this district. *C*U5~Zq7:
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. k"iOB-@B+
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) '8H4shYg
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. K=h9Ce
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. Vaw+.sG`AP
4. 表语位于句首 {qJ1ko)$
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 9-a0 :bP
Not far from here is a famous university. H3=qe I
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 ,Ah;A
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. T_5H&;a
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. [<yaXQxl
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) >jLY"
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. @:vwb\azVD
部分倒装 y/7\?qfTk
1. 疑问句 )}Kf=
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) .|fHy
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. Moza".fiN
3. “only+状语”位于句首 XK@E;Rv
Only when he comes back can be leave. 3;{kJQ
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 w;amZgD>
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. N5
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 3bH'H*2
By no means should you break the rules. d/kv|$XW
At no time should we give in to difficulties. f46t9dxp
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) >KhOz[Zg
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” 9qzHS~l
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. K is"L(C
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.