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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 P!u0_6
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 ?h)T\z
K1CgM1 v 2．被动形式 "gt1pf~y
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V1< v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 N`4XlD v 时间状语从句当中的时态： p fw`<*e' pH(X;OC 9S "H=N>=g0E 一般过去时 所有的过去 cP\ZeG#< 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 h!Y##_&&4 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 }R %*J 一．非谓语动词 ~NLthZ (O
一．不定式： Pz\B
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, v`03?8l( 一）不定式的常考形式： `\'V]9wS
*!E~4z= 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. <H{K&,Z(ZM 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. ";7/8(LBZ 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 EPR8 5 [k
5z2("[8L& 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. @/: 7G. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. q8n@ fi6 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 Bs|Xq'1M!;
!%$,S=_F 二）不定式常考的考点： 0*+EYnu+
#) @#Qd 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 7WY~v2SDF
2 |JEGyDS- 2）不定式做状语----目的 fE_%,DJE(
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3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. U_;="y
Ryh 0r 三)不定式的省略 |"S# uJW
>`/s+V 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel Hc[@c)DH
sC.r$K+ k5 + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； /xcXd+k] + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 0
f$96sl I saw him work in the garden yesterday. H9i7y,[*
WPAUY<6f 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) G-|c%g!ejf I saw him working in the garden yesterday. "\T-r 2 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） `(`-S
md v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. IR $d?\O3 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to .'Q*_};W
mpC u,l+lo I ‘d like to have John do it. &B NlMF
Tx]p4wY:D I have my package weighed. 6R^32VeK($
9S[.ESI{> Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. @$ Nti>
6<>1,wbq 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do - 0q263z
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四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ],[<^= |
!g6=/9 want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do j ~V $q/7S force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do uDkX{<_Xe be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do je2"D7D o<txm ?+N 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 \`["IkSg7
]\A=[ T^ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. &+A 78I 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 hGw}o,g
zv0sz ]) He needs (a lot of) encouraging.
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<eCv 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 # Y3-P
)*XWe|H_ 1)是名词 seeing is believing :[( % 4se 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. fe `_0lxj 一)动名词的形式: j$XaO%y)
Qk>U=]U 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. R) dP=W* 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. ezY^T 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. m%[/w wL 二) 动名词常考的点 4ytdcb
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@ 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 kRwUR34yc
[xrsa!$ 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 [wm0a4fg
M&29J 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. 0asP,)i
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HF#yK I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． PWx%~U.8~j A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） |94o P >d I regret not having taken your advice. XR7v\rd 4)有些词后只能接动名词 PMbZv%.,-
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CqI admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... D]*|Zmr+} 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： K x) PK it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... "]q
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"b /J_ ],KdU 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 bfoTGi
S#8)N` remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 P/1YN
~M H ^R1=] I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) ^
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_Y&. Nw I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) i6n,N)%H
u*=^>LD forgot与remember的用法类似。 B?-w<":! I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… i?(cp[ "7
inO;Uwlv I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 e<1Ewml(] try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. Bx5 xtJ|!
xcmg3:s try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. YzG?K0O%
S g1[p#U I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 ^VMCs/g6 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 4Ps;Cor+ prefer的用法： obF|;fwPnR 我宁愿在这里等。 H^S <bZ I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。）
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I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） ` ~=z0I I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） Km=
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DDGDj)=` 3 分词： `!I/6d?A
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 m`8{arz2
现在分词的形式: ] W Yub1
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) OwNM`xSa|\
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) $#5 'c+0
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) NV/paoyx:*
过去分词 $X Uck[
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 'JdK0w#
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)
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这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 l(Hz9
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