中国人民大学2009考博英译汉必看

英译汉
美国反倾销法的支持者认为, 美国的反倾销法是防止外国政府制造畸形市场的一种保障, 它进而保证"公平贸易"顺利进行。依照反倾销法的说法，它的目的在于制约"不公平"定价行为，即价格歧视和低于成本价的销售。这其中反映了贸易保护主义、同业联盟、政府补贴，以及外国市场上的结构性缺陷。目前执行反倾销法没有可靠的说法，没有明确什幺是价格歧视或什幺是低于成本价的销售/当前出台并执行的反倾销法没有令人信服地界定出什幺是价格歧视或什幺是低于成本价的销售。还有，反倾销法缺少一个机制，因此不能确定它所谴责的不公平的定价行为是否跟国外的畸形市场政策有关政府干预可能导致价格歧视和低于成本价的销售，但是价格歧视和低于成本价的销售也完全有可能是正常的市场行为。结果，反倾销法往往处罚外国公司的正当商业行为，而同样的商业行为在美国公司中屡见不鲜（拆句××反倾销法往往处罚了美国公司中屡见不鲜的外国公司的正当商业行为）（320 字)

毋庸置疑，语言也是一种政治工具、手段和实力的证明。它是人们身份的最生动最关键的标志：可以揭示个人身份，将其与公众或共同的身份相融合或相隔离。曾经有现在也存在着许多时候、许多地点，讲某种语言会使注意自己置身于危险之中，甚至招来杀身之祸。也许，人们可以讲相同的语言，但是讲话的方式却暴露了或者（他们想）隐藏了他们先人的身份。在法国如此，在英格兰更是绝对如此。在这个潮湿的小岛上，口音的变化（和主导）使得英格兰与英语的关系更为一致，而对其他任何人来说则完全不可理喻。在英格兰张口说话（如果我可以用黑人英语的)话，就是"将你的私事公之于众"：一张嘴就已经透露了你的父母身份、你的青年时代、你上的学校、薪水、自尊，遗憾的是，你的未来等信息。（字数315）

尽管布什政府承诺让伊拉克人管理自己的政府，但和平和秩序还很遥远。一方面，萨达姆仍下落不明;另一方面，激增的暴力行为、流血事件、自杀性爆炸歹人们走间街头抗议使美国陷于槛旭的境地。布什总统最近发表讲话,似乎是回应民主党总统候选人的批评意见。这些人批评高层决策者未能预料到将来日益增多的困难。人们希望联合国积极参与这个饱经战乱国家的重建工作并在和平解决伊拉克面临的问题当中发挥更积极的作用。

为使学生获得某种工作的教育是职业教育，设立这种教育的目的与法律规定的人人都要受教育的目的全然不同。法律要求所有的孩子十几岁前接受教育的目的并不单纯是为了增加他们的就业希望。然而，我们对一个美国公民的素质有一种既定的认识，认为他如果不能充分地评价外在因素对其生活和幸福的影响，他的个性是不完整的。但是，(过去的)情况并不总是如此，在法律规定所有孩子在校学习到某个年龄之前/在法律还没有规定(所有)孩子必须在校学习到某个年龄的时候，人们普遍认为有些孩子本性上根本不适合接受这种教育的。随着乐观主义的思想深入到所有工业化国家，人们开始接受每个人都适合接受教育的观点。主张计算机教育的人放弃了这种乐观主义认识，而代之以悲观的态度，这种态度背离了他们本应具有的乐观的观念。

世界卫生组织于上周四发出警告，全球金融危机导致很多人陷入贫困和失业，进而可能造成严重的心理问题甚至自杀事件增加。

目前，全球已有数亿人受到抑郁症和躁郁症等精神问题的困扰，而如今全球金融市场的崩盘无疑将进一步加重那些心理脆弱者的绝望情绪。

联合国机构世卫组织称，这一问题在中低收入国家会尤其显著，因为这些国家的医疗条件相对有限。

世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍在心理健康专家会议上说："我们不应该感到意外，不能低估这次危机带来的动荡和可能造成的后果。目前，我们在救助心理疾病患者方面还存在很大空缺。"

她说，贫穷及其带来的相关压力，包括暴力、社会排斥和"持续不安全感"等问题会引起精神紊乱。

她警告说："不出所料，我们还会看到更多的压力、精神紊乱和自杀事件的发生。"

"心理健康与滥用药物署"主管贝内德托o萨拉瑟诺说，每四个人中就有一个人在人生的某个阶段会出现心理问题。

他说，精神和神经紊乱的影响经常是长期的，并且损坏心智机能。全球每年有近100万人自杀，其中大部分是年轻人。

在被问及金融危机造成的影响时，萨拉瑟诺说："危机会导致人们陷入贫困，债务、绝望和失落感可能会袭击中低收入阶层；甚至连穷人也会受到这场危机的影响。"

"很明显，自杀与金融危机密切相关。但我指的不是那些跳楼的百万富翁，而是穷人。"

萨拉瑟诺说，全球金融危机还会影响到"社区和家庭的稳定"。

世卫组织在上周四的"世界心理健康日"当天推出了一项新计划，旨在今后六年加大对心理疾病患者的资助和服务。

汉译英

当前，农村贫困人口最盼望、最着急的就是吃饱穿暖，过上比较富裕的日子。

Nowadays, what impoverished people in rural areas desire most is to have enough to eat and wear and, furthermore, to lead a well-to-do life.

引进先进技术设备是必要的。但我们的立足点要放在吸收、创新上，不能走重复引进的路子。

It is necessary to introduce advanced technology and equipment. However, we should focus on absorption and innovation instead of lingering on the importation of redundant technical facilities.

1. 有的家长对学龄前儿童进行超前教育，期望将来进入小学以后，学习起点比别人高，在竞争中占有优势。
Some parents have their children receive superior education before they reach the school age, hoping that their children will begin at a higher level and gain a competitive advantage at elementary school.

2)有些人认为学校工作人员不应该干涉学生的个人行为，除非直接关系到学习或教学楼内、校园内的人身安全。

．Some individuals believe that school personnel should not interfere with the behavior of students unless it is directly related to learning or affects the safety of individuals who are inside the school building or somewhere on campus.

教育部长......
1) Visited by journalists the other day, Zhou ji, the minister of the Ministry of Education of China, said 2) Zhou ji, the minister of the Ministry of Education of China, said, while granting /giving an interview to journalists the other day, that the fairness in education was very important and that the integrity and balance between the rapid development of education and the fairness in it should be taken as an important target.
To promote the fairness in education once and for all, Zhou Ji said that his ministry had taken some measures for it, such as granting the increased part of investment to the rural areas, and that those working in education should face the hard nuts (difficult problems) with which people were concerned and put forward solutions to them.

要革除一项陋习,常常需要下最大的决心.
×To remove a poor habit, you often need to make the biggest determination.　(按照中文的搭配直译)

√To break a bad habit, you often need to show the greatest determination.

角度不同

中國政府昨日表示，出口日本的冷凍青刀豆樣品檢測結果並未顯示有農藥殘留痕跡。
Tests conducted on samples of frozen green beans exported to Japan showed no evidence of pesticide residue, Chinese authorities said here yesterday.

在过去几个月重大矿库事故频发的情况下，国家安全生产监督管理局日前在其网站上表示要从10月11日起展开为期三个月的安全检查以防止更多煤矿事故的发生。

Authorities will launch a three-month inspection on Oct 11 to prevent coalmine accidents nationwide, following a slew of fatalmining mishaps in the past months, the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS) announced on its website.

努力实现从扩大规模数量为主向提高质量为主的转变。
Efforts should be made to shift priority of expanding scale and quantity to improving quality and efficiency.

He is going to speak on the economy and the int'l situation.
问题不必译出，宣传教育工作，工业发展情况
替代重复指称
．实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。
This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.
…in May 2002 the State Council held a national conference on increasing revenue and reducing expenditures …in September 2002, it held another conference…
要标本兼治，重在治本。
We should seek both temporary and permanent solutions to the problems, with emphasis on the latter.
隐蔽性较强，需仔细揣摩。"专业化的分工更细"是"科技发展"导致的结果，翻译时要加上resulting in。

Many act so directly contrary to this method, that from a habit of saving time and paper, a habit which they acquired at the university, they write in so diminutive manner, that they can hardly read what they have written.

关键词语确立

Up to a point，the development of the different branches of the national economy is well coordinated.

1. 健康情況不佳...
One's poor health will incapacitate him for efficient work./You cannot work efficiently if you are in poor health.

2. The expansion of woods in some places in Beijing these years attract quite a few rare birds. /
Quite a few rare birds come to settle down in some places around Beijing thanks to the expansion of woods there these years.

信息中心的确立

1. These new measures will increase the people's purchasing power and lead to thriving commercial and financing conditions rather than make a mess of the country's finances as some people argue.

2. Swayed by considerations of loss and gain, they are most anxious not to lose these possessions.
3. There being nobody else at hand, I have to do it by myself.

4. Many peasants are still living in poverty for shortage of means of production, with some getting into debts and others selling or renting out their land.
．结合国有商业银行集中处理不良资产的改革，成立四家金融资产管理公司，确定对符合条件的580户国有大中型企业实施债权转股权。
The four financial asset management companies, which were set up as part of the reform to dispose of bad assets of the state-owned commercial banks, selected 580 eligible large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises for their debt-to-equity reform.
例20．面对严峻的国际经济环境，我们积极应对，趋利避害，变挑战为机遇，开创了对外开放的新局面。
Despite the grim international economic environment, we have created a new situation in our opening up by responding positively, striving to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and turning challenges into opportunities.

汉语基本句式的翻译

外位语
主題句前部敘理或敍事，後部總結評論，說明作者觀點。有時要譯成英語掉尾句（結論、評論在前，敍述在後）

It was a real challenge that those who had learned from us excelled us.

Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.

意合句
......敢於起來鬥爭......
The people of small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.

In the last 20 or 30 years, world science and technology have made new headway day by day, resulting in a more minute division of labor on the basis of specialization and in more extensive co-operation.

There being no telling when he'll be home, I'll have to go to bed now.

長句

打亂原語序進行重組。
1． You cannot be sure to succeed in learning even if you have got all the favorable conditions such as good environment, sufficient books and equipment, as well as instructions and enlightenments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends, which are of great help, though.

练习
1. 中国有13亿人口,不管多幺小的问题，只要乘以13亿,那就成为很大很大的问题; 不管多幺可观的财力、物力，只要除以13亿，那就成为很低很低的人均水平。

Since China has 1.3 billion people, any seemingly small problem, if it were to be multiplied by 1.3 billion, would become a big, big problem. And any considerable amount of financial and material resources, if it were to be divided by 1.3 billion , would become insignificant per-capita-wise.

2．因此，中国政府致力于两个保护：一个是保护劳动者的基本权利，一个是保护财产权利，既要保护公有财产，又要保护私人财产；关于这一点，中国的法律已经做出明确规定，并付诸实施。

Therefore, the Chinese Government is committed to protecting the fundamental rights of all working people and their rights to property, both public and private, which has been explicitly provided for in China's law and duly implemented.
F

3) 在过去20年中，世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国这幺快。日本用了20多年时间才将外贸总额翻了一番，中国则翻了两番。中国现在已经是全球第三大电器生产国，并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。中国还是世界上劳动密集型（labour- intensive）产品的主要生产国。

．In the past 20 years, China's increasing speed in foreign commerce is faster than any other countries in the world. It took Japan 20 years to increase it's foreign commerce to two times, while at the same time, China have increase it's foreign commerce by three times. Now China ranks the third in the global producers of electronic facilities and playing a critical role in the global electronic facilities market. China is also a main producer of labor-intensive products in the world. (8 points)

4) 在过去的200年里，①人口的飞速增长是死亡率下降造成的，②这使得世界③人口的寿命从大约30岁提高到约50岁。其结果就是人口一度年轻化，而且每一代的年轻人中更多的人做了母亲，死亡人数也低于出生人数。然而，在现代社会里，即使在人口爆炸时期，每个母亲④平均生育的孩子的⑤数目也一直在下降。

The rapid increase in population during the past two centuries has been the result of lower death rates which have produced an increase in worldwide life expectancy from about thirty to about sixty-two. For a while the result was a young population with more mothers in each generation, and fewer deaths than births. But even during this population explosion the average number of children born to each woman has been falling in modern societies.

5)①谦虚对一个人的成就至关重要。一个谦虚的人向不如他的人请教是从来不会犹豫的。他明白知识像大海一样广博，一个人一生只能获得一滴。相反，骄傲的人，稍有一点知识就会炫耀，因而只能停留在已有的成绩上。因为谦虚的人永远不会满足已获得的成绩，他们还会继续前进以获得更大的成功。
success. Modesty is important to one's achievement. A modest person never hesitate to consult those who are inferior to him. He understands the truth that the range of knowledge is as vast as sea and one can only gain a drop all his life. In contrast, a conceited person, with a little knowledge, shows it off and rests on what he has achieved. Since a modest person is never satisfied with what he has achieved, he continues to go forward and finally makes even greater

6．"知识经济"目前有两大特点：创新与挑战。①首先创造新知识和运用新知识的能力，不仅决定财富的多少，还关系到竞争力的强弱。②只有那些不断推出新思维、新技术、新产品和新服务的个体、团体或行业，才会在这种经济环境中取胜。③美国近年来的经济腾飞就充分证明了这一点。计算机、电子、电讯和航天等④高科技含量和知识密集型产业已成为美国社会经济文化发展的龙头。（166 words）

The KBE (knowledge-based economy) has two main characteristics. First, in the KBE, the ability to generate and use knowledge to innovate is not only a determinant of wealth, it is also the basis of competitive advantage. Individuals, sectors, and industries who are successful will be those who innovate, develop new ideas, employ new technology, manufacture new products and deliver new services. The fact that the US has enjoyed high economic growth all these years proves this point: those high-technology and knowledge-based industries such as computers, electronics, telecommunications and aerospace are now the driving forces of the country's economy. (98 words)

7. 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命。当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家莫不如此。

Since ancient times all people of accomplishment are serious about their lives. While they are alive, even if there is only one day left to live, they try to work as hard as they can and learn as much as possible, never letting a single day slip by without any gain. This is true of the working people as well as the great statesmen and great thinkers in our history.

8.中国拥有世界上最多的人口，农业人口也是世界第一（重点部分）。尽管水资源匮乏,耕地面积只占世界的7%，但中国得养活全世界四分之一的人口。与此同时，在世贸规则框架内,还得迎接新的挑战。在这种形势，中国必须依靠科技,大力推进农业的工业化和现代化。

China, with the largest population in the world, also ranks first in agricultural population. In spite of shortages of water and possessing just 7 percent of the world's arable land, China has to feed a quarter of the world's population. At the same time, it has to adapt to the challenges of WTO membership. Given these circumstances, China must vigorously accelerate the industrialization and modernization of agriculture by relying on science and technology.

9.五十多年来，中国的高等教育也取得了重大的成就。1981年，中国还制定了包括学士、硕士和博士的学位制度。通过多次教育改革和结构调整，高等教育在促进国民经济建设、科技进步和社会发展中起着越来越重要的作用。……中国是一个人口众多、经济和文化发展不平衡的大国，教育事业还有待进一步发展，但我们有信心建立起一个与国情相适应的、面向21世纪的教育体制。

10. 美国财政部长亨利·保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事物发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。
在昨天讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球的经济增长(减字)有好处。他表示，美国欢迎①中国发展并 ②成为全球经济中的一员。
(字数 172 )

Henry Paulson, the Minister of Treasure of the United States, ended his visits to the three countries in Asia at his final stop in Shanghai yesterday. As the chief consultant of economic policy and the most important spokesman for economic affairs of the American president, Paulson delivered a subject speech at Shanghai Future Exchange yesterday morning, which was considered the latest interpretation of the economic policy adopted by Bush Government towards China.

In the speech of yesterday, Paulson emphasized many times that the economic growth of China was not a threat, but could bring benefits to the global economy. He suggested that the United States would welcome China's development and its participation as a member of the world economy. (119 words)

In the five decades since 1949, China has made significant achievements in higher education. In 1981, China road-mapped a degree system composed of bachelor, master and doctor. Through waves of reform and restructuring, higher education in the country is playing an important role in facilitating national economy construction, science and technology advance and social development…… As a whole, education in China, the most populous country with extremely unbalanced economic and culture development , is still an under-cultivated land. However, we have adequate reasons to expect an educational framework compatible with Chinese conditions and oriented to the next millennium.
10.
11然而对于一个已经非常富足的社会而言是否有必要再一味追求发展，人们对此的质疑，无疑是有充分说服力的。正如一位着名经济学家所言，西方社会一味地追求经济的发展，总体看来，非但没有优化人们的社会生活，相反有恶化趋势。科技创新也许给人们带来了物质上的满足，但是由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑；通讯方式更加快捷了，人们却更加孤独了；社会流动性增强了，人们反而疲于奔命；汽车国家普及了，人们反而更加疏远了；看电视的时间多了，人们交流的机会少了。结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。（注意汉句的平衡与对称语）

Yet the desirability of further economic growth for a society that is already wealthy has been questioned on grounds (= because) that undoubtedly have a good deal of validity. As one well-known economist put it: the continued pursuit of economic growth by Western Societies is more likely on balance to reduce rather than increase social welfare … Technological innovations may offer to add to men's material opportunities. But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety. Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increase separation; more television to less communication. In consequences, people know less of their neighbors than ever before. (119 words)

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sunnyabc

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谢谢楼主好人

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