转贴:考博英语写作模板 {e!3|&AX
u(W>HVEG
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 9ERyr1-u v
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编!原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? `;Od0uh
经典句型: R :*1Y\o(
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) y0]"qB
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)
6w`.'5
更多经典句型: [Smqe>U1
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… Og-v][
kD46Le++B
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计
Ua.%?V
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: hG2WxYk
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college I]ZksC
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. K-b`KcX
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: a! 3e Z,
Honesty SuA
@S
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 >H5_,A}f
Travel by Bike OUhlQq\
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 G:!3X) b
Youth 8I~*9MUp
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Gvl,M\c9-
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? Z|B`n
SzH
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 [(; .D
更多句型: 0DaKd<Scv
A recent statistics shows that … :z`L)
+h? Gps
结尾万能公式: aJJ)ZP2+
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 l!<(}?u9
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: I@kMM12>c
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good S;"$02]
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. Lh-+i
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! s(
:N>K5*
更多过渡短语: f3*S
IKi
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus G[+{[W
更多句型: &x3R+(H {
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… })?KpYk
K8uqLSP '
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 ),@m
3wQ
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! ?'si^N
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve nFjaV`6`@
the problem. :Vrj[i-{
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? ;vUw_M{P=)
更多句型: c^~R%B
x
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. g{Hb3id9
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be p[%B#(]9,
taken. #;\tgUQ
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:
A/OGF>
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is lrmz'M'
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to 'kekJ.wJ;
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite U3p Mv|b
similar. `jT1R!$3F
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! i+|/V[
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 主 题 句原则 nC\LDeKc
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! fRt&-z('
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! O*1la/~m
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully Gu%}B@ 4^
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, rk `]]
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 Ns-3\~QSi
k&o1z'<C
三、一 二 三原则 G:;(,
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… $B@K
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
Lu~M=Fh
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) !qJ|`o Y
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) L)_L#]Yy
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) tkEup&
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, PxgLt2dXa
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) K[i|OZWu
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) / Hexv#3
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) @Ke3kLQ_\X
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) d=:&tOCg2
8)most important of all, moreover, finally N,u~ZEI
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) Z#|IMmT;*=
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) WAp#[mW.fx
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! A[X~:p.^G
wvNddu>@
四、 短语优先原则 JS!
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: Fd@:*ER
I cannot bear it. }_o!fV
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. 9-N*Jhg
I want it. @d=4C{g%o
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. )qx,>PL
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 lBnG!!VrWa
`Hq)g1a7q
五、 多实少虚原则 qddP -uN
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: \i$WXW]|
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room X?Mc"M
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room }w8:`g'T0/
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room f.&Y_G3a<
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room {9C+=v?
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room A1(=7ZKz
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! naoH685R4
\Q<Ur&J]%
六、 多变句式原则 Wg2Y`2@t
1)加法(串联) jPf*qe>U
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: '@<aS?@!t
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. *PjW,
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: aj<=]=hr
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. ` 'y[i
其它的短语可以用: XABI2Ex
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover *n=NBkq%/!
2)转折(拐弯抹角) :5`BhFAd
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 5B'};AQ
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. /U#{6zeM[,
The coat was thin, but it was warm. R~],5_
|
更多的短语: RrDNEwA
r
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, 007SA6xq
despite, notwithstanding m1k+u)7kD
3)因果(so, so, so) `"<} B"s
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! u8A
u `
The snow began to fall, so we went home. FasA f(3
更多短语: uYPdmrPB?l
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a +Zx+DW cq
result, for this reason, so that j6~#_t[
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) $:%?-xy(
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 =yfLqU
举例:This is what I can do. c D+IMlT
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. u $N2uFc
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: f.`noZN
When to go, Why he goes away… :o}Ju}t
5)附加(多此一举) eyZ /%4'q
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 vnXa4\Vdy
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 4425,AR
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. )POuH*j
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. P+sxlf:0
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom "qRE1j@%a
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 1.0S>+^JE
6)排比(排山倒海句) (63_
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! )k0P' zGb
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated ) =<,$|g
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. 1pC!F ;9Oo
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such 0
+0+%#?
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean /a\6&Eb
tides. I)AV
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, yVm~5Y&Z
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 1O1/P,u+
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七) 挑战极限原则 dF*@G/p>V
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! \iAkF`OC
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: A('=P}I^
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb Y&aFAjj
the Western Hills. 'H2TwSbIXI
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about mHo}, |
three times that of China. u=feR0|8
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! NIeT.!
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! yc2c{<Ya5
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 6)m}e?D>
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as o`HZS|>K*
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. gk\IivPb
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will GFOd9=[
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the A^2VH$j]+
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. C)`k{(-{
更多句型: NH$a :>
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, tK6z#)
for example二、做比较 "o/:LCE
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; 9
hEIf,\
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through Ln0rm9FV-
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 8[U1{s:J
相似的比较: V} Y %9V
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner .`&($W
相反的比较: XP<wHh
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 9S@PY_ms
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,三、换言之 +M! f}=H
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 9l9nT
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. -!
Hn,93
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love NS@j`6/U
with you. XtVx
H4q
或者上面我们举过的例子: .w\A
yXp
I cannot bear it. wq!Gj]B
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. $5ZBNGr
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with RUUV"y
it or I am fed up with it. nIJ2*QJ
更多短语: ik)T>rYg0
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more bmV
ksi2b
simply I}Uj"m`>