英语中基本句式 {M7`"+~w
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: O!^ >YvOh
S十V主谓结构 K~2sX>l
S十V十F主系表结构 wu><a!3`=o
S十V十O主谓宾结构 G;iH.rCH
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 idGn{f((f
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 F\^8k /0
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 I>JE\## ^n
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 9P)!v.,T/
1.S十V句式 dP(.l}O
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: M.
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He runs quickly. bmK
他跑得快。 </D.}ia
They listened carefully. p
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他们听得很仔细。 >
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) tgl(*[T2
他挨冻受饿。 t-o,iaPG3
China belongs to the third world country. A&p@iE*/
中国属于第三世界国家。 ygj%VG
The gas has given out. R9 Ab.t
煤气用完了。
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My ink has run out. egSs=\
我的钢笔水用完了。 H"(#Tp ZTE
2.S十V十P句式 ?d%{-
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: |h6!b t!=
He is older than he looks. )^ZC'[93
他比看上去要老。 ,b -
He seen interested in the book. 6vAZLNG3
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 F~fBr
The story sounds interesting. IqFcrU$4
这个故事听起来有趣。 ]xMZo){[|
The desk feels hard. \wsVO"/
书桌摸起来很硬。 +aL
The cake tastes nice. pTG[F
饼尝起来很香。 &
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 6q8}8;STTY
花闻起来香甜。 0$c(<+D
You have grown taller than before. yP# Y:s
你长得比以前高了。 n
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) jY%.t)>)
他突然病倒了。 xtD(tiqh.;
He stood quite still. wU!-sf;]y
他静静地站看。 (?8i^T?WP=
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 8)?&eE'
他长大后当了教师。 d3q.i5']G
He could never turn traitor to his country.
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 cL*oO@I&_
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: $Ugc:L<h+
He looked me up and down. FWW@t1)
他上下打量我。 1ow,'FztPt
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. H!7?#tRU
他伸出手来摸象。 r2+ZxMo|
They are tasting the fish. $8U$.~v
他们在品尝鱼。 \^9n&MonM
They grow rice in their home town. @OT$* Qh
他们在家乡种水稻。 iOEBjj;C
He's got a chair to sit on. cq?,v?m
他有椅子坐。 ]5QXiF8`
Please turn the sentence into English. wT- -i@@
请把这个句于泽成英语。 oqh@(<%
3.S十V十O句式 klAlS%
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: k3t]lGp
I saw a film yesterday. ZDzG8E0Sq
我昨天看了一部电影。 >f Hu
Have you read the story? 0iM'),v[]
你读过这个故事吗? J5jI/P
They found their home easily. > O
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 "{E%Y*
They built a house last year. n+&8Uk
他们去年建了一所房子。 g.!k>_g`
They've put up a factory in the village. |ITCw$
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 &$2d=q8mh
They have taken good care of the children. )i.pE]!+
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 LU8[$.P
You should look after your children well. ztHx)
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 p>J@"?%^
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 /%7&De6Xg
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: [OOQ0c~
He gave me a book/a book to me. jHE^d<=O^
他给我一本书。 |N6.:K[`
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Mr4,?Z&`-d
他带给我一枝钢笔。 +3XaAk
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. kzK9.
他把座位让给我。 G `3{Q7k
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: b|E ZD3y
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. Z 1wtOL
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ojm IEzsz
He got me a chair/a chair for me. Z;1r=p#s
他给我弄了一把椅子。 IaOR%Bg
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 9(!AKKrr;
请帮我一下。 #U
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He asked me a question/a question of me. +hispU3ia
他问我个问题。 2v@B7r4}
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: {' 0#<Z
They robbed the old man of his money. :Hr
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他们抢了老人的钱。
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He's warned me of the danger. I]
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他警告我注意危险。 (G{S* +
The doctor has cured him of his disease. biw .
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医生治好了他的病。 #+U1QOsz
We must rid the house of th erats. a(?)r[=
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 3XDU(#
They deprived him of his right to speak. s>\^dtG7
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 ;&}z
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5.S十V十O十C句式 P?|\Ig1Gk
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 a8Xwz@ M
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 b.?;I7r
They made the girl angry. )Qe]!$tqfD
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Pn.DeoHme
They found her happy that day. ?Y8hy|`
他们发现那天她很高兴。 5|pF*8*
I found him out. z6d0Y$A G
我发现他出去了。 ]e"!ZR?XJ
I saw him in. W1)<!nwA
我见他在家。 m||9,z-
They saw a foot mark in the sand. :KXI@)M
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 m]fU V8U
They named the boy Charlie. @^-Y&N!b=
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 b30Jr2[
I saw him come in and go out. HB}rpiB
我见他进来又出去。 lic-68T
They felt the car moving fast. VX8CEO
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 U{[YCs fk
I heard the glass broken just now. n9J{f"`m
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 }Kp<w,
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 3^y<Db
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 W
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