英语中基本句式 rS8\Vf]F
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S?J(VJqE
S十V主谓结构 ]@#wR
S十V十F主系表结构 [IAk9B.\
S十V十O主谓宾结构
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 q ywl
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 _`p^B%[
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 } # L_R
五个基本句式详细解释如下: K<`W>2"
1.S十V句式 5\w*W6y
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: |]k,0Y3v
He runs quickly. T?6<1nU)
他跑得快。 .kMnq8u
They listened carefully. dNF_T?E\
他们听得很仔细。 "@/pQoLy
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) [{Q
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他挨冻受饿。 udIm}jRA"
China belongs to the third world country. s S#/JLDx]
中国属于第三世界国家。 VmN 7a6a
The gas has given out. AI#.+PrC{/
煤气用完了。 a?8)47)
My ink has run out. S<*IoZ?T
我的钢笔水用完了。 \%.oi@A
2.S十V十P句式 /h.{g0Xc
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: o?t H[
He is older than he looks. e84%Y8,0
他比看上去要老。
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He seen interested in the book. [rK`BnJX
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 _KxR~k^
The story sounds interesting. &GJVFr~z
这个故事听起来有趣。 (w5cp!qW9J
The desk feels hard. z=g!mVK5
书桌摸起来很硬。 e@TwZ6l
The cake tastes nice. ]?wz.
饼尝起来很香。 /2c(6h
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. =BE !
花闻起来香甜。 JS%LJ_J
You have grown taller than before. ~9vK6;0
你长得比以前高了。 .74C~{}$
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) Yk|.UuXT
他突然病倒了。 PlLt^q.z[
He stood quite still. 4
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他静静地站看。 REK):(i7P
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. EA8plQ~GtE
他长大后当了教师。 xsJXf @
He could never turn traitor to his country. ,zHL8SiTX
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 U0:*?uA.
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: JW^ ${4
He looked me up and down. ~S;-sxoO0l
他上下打量我。 SE^l`.U@
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. >A
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他伸出手来摸象。 )lS04|s
They are tasting the fish. :}Yk0*
他们在品尝鱼。 4=|Q2qgFV
They grow rice in their home town. >Jx=k"Kv+
他们在家乡种水稻。 ~//E'V-
He's got a chair to sit on. f)z(9JJL
他有椅子坐。 }s<;YC
Please turn the sentence into English. O)VcW/
请把这个句于泽成英语。 i({\fb|0
3.S十V十O句式 X5[t6q!
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: W7
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I saw a film yesterday. <Y?Z&rNb
我昨天看了一部电影。 r2.w4RMFua
Have you read the story? FVrB#Hw~
你读过这个故事吗? Wd)\r.pJ
They found their home easily.
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 P<vU!`x%q
They built a house last year. `j)56bR
他们去年建了一所房子。 k@|px#k
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They've put up a factory in the village. }l$zZ>.\H
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 1aRTvaGo
They have taken good care of the children. 1#_pj
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 -A
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You should look after your children well. K\U`gTGc
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 HSG Ln906
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 67Pmnad
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: /K&9c
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He gave me a book/a book to me. ]YhQQH1>]
他给我一本书。 z[_Y,I
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. TCyev[(
他带给我一枝钢笔。 q5e(~@(z<`
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Fh)xm* u(
他把座位让给我。 i:jXh9+
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: }WC[<AqI
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. g tMR/P:S
妈妈给我买了一本书。 7MrHu2rZ=
He got me a chair/a chair for me. h]&
他给我弄了一把椅子。 tUULpx.h
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ]h`*w
请帮我一下。 0g:q%P0
He asked me a question/a question of me. dX1jn;
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他问我个问题。 +fboTsp% H
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: *> n
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They robbed the old man of his money. nrev!h
他们抢了老人的钱。 )m
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He's warned me of the danger. G9okl9;od
他警告我注意危险。 DQW)^j
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. d]sqj\Q57
医生治好了他的病。 iLBORT!;
We must rid the house of th erats. =Y|( }92
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 *\'t$se+
They deprived him of his right to speak. dI%jR&.e;
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 m0^ "fMV
5.S十V十O十C句式 1K/ :
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 <v -YMk@
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ?'f
They made the girl angry. bFN/{^SB
他们使这个女孩生气了。 dO z|CfUhI
They found her happy that day. (OE S~G
他们发现那天她很高兴。 >
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I found him out. 5%9Uh'y#
我发现他出去了。 QpQ 2hNf
I saw him in. sdO8;v>
我见他在家。 *j&\5|^V
They saw a foot mark in the sand. TEo
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 @a]cI
They named the boy Charlie. m_Ed[h/I
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 `.JW_F)1
I saw him come in and go out. ,sc#l<v
我见他进来又出去。 k?Hi_;o
They felt the car moving fast. Eu&$Rq}
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 nHbi{,3
I heard the glass broken just now. )vOBF5
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 ".|8 (Y
He found the doctor of study closed to him. *
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 vA:ZR=)F
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