英语中基本句式 GUqBnRA8j
*TP>)o
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: /~;om\7r
S十V主谓结构 QNgfvy
S十V十F主系表结构 5X,|
Pn
S十V十O主谓宾结构 6Y&`mgMF'
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
0ZJt
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 FWDAG$K@0
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 0}I aWd^4
五个基本句式详细解释如下: e4(E!;Z!QF
1.S十V句式 *t,1(Gw|7q
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: L/2,r*LNx$
He runs quickly. 3DS&-rN
他跑得快。 4|Ay;}X \
They listened carefully. zM2_z
他们听得很仔细。 EK$3T5e
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) {>n\B~*,"C
他挨冻受饿。 `D={l29H
China belongs to the third world country. ![9umsx
中国属于第三世界国家。 Dg
o-Os@
The gas has given out. yttaZhK^u
煤气用完了。 XsbYWJdds
My ink has run out. =C 7 WQ
我的钢笔水用完了。 YML]pNB
2.S十V十P句式 l~Rd\.O
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ]-"G:r
He is older than he looks. N`et]'_A}
他比看上去要老。 K$/&C:,Q
He seen interested in the book. W!t =9i
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 p(Ux]_s%
The story sounds interesting. i8->3uB
这个故事听起来有趣。 Lz{z~xNHW.
The desk feels hard. 7BkY0_KK
书桌摸起来很硬。 xtO#reL"q?
The cake tastes nice. :T )R
;E@
饼尝起来很香。 @8*lqV2
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ZXl_cq2r
花闻起来香甜。
`3:Q.A_?
You have grown taller than before. G&
m~W
你长得比以前高了。 L Iz<fB
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) JIPBJ
他突然病倒了。 r4m z
He stood quite still. ;2 P
他静静地站看。 Xz`0nU
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. #MFIsx)r
他长大后当了教师。 EKus0"|
He could never turn traitor to his country. JED\"(d(
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 k(he<-GF\
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: >L')0<!&
He looked me up and down. _iL?kf
他上下打量我。 0X3yfrim
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. &~=r .T
他伸出手来摸象。 dci<Rz`h
They are tasting the fish. ?lML+
他们在品尝鱼。 df!i}L
They grow rice in their home town. P0pBR_:o
他们在家乡种水稻。 h+ud[atk.
He's got a chair to sit on. SA7(EJ95
他有椅子坐。 gB~^dv {
Please turn the sentence into English. hH HQmK<r
请把这个句于泽成英语。 hD=.rDvO
3.S十V十O句式 J#t-."f6^
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ]IE Z?+F,
I saw a film yesterday.
\ 'Va(}v
我昨天看了一部电影。 'qvj[lpGr
Have you read the story? Q;J(
5;
你读过这个故事吗? SnR2o3r-Of
They found their home easily. 5C&*PJ~WA
他们很容易找到他们的家。 g/fpXO\
They built a house last year. *mVg_Kl
他们去年建了一所房子。 JJM<ywPGp
They've put up a factory in the village. 1I{8 |
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 .p, VZ9
They have taken good care of the children. QeG9CS)E}j
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 kw@^4n+M
You should look after your children well. n{i,`oQ"
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 P6
R_W
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 EG;E !0
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: `/ayg:WSU
He gave me a book/a book to me. ? e
p#s$i
他给我一本书。 mr^3Y8$s
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. dWPQp*f2
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ?)y^ [9
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. :#pdyJQ_
他把座位让给我。 \7uM5 k}l
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: :t]HY2
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. -g]Rs
!w'
妈妈给我买了一本书。 r~lZ8$KC
He got me a chair/a chair for me. Zn'tNt/
他给我弄了一把椅子。 wDZ<UP=X
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. )&Oc7\J,
请帮我一下。 fq]PKLW'
He asked me a question/a question of me. ^,acU\}VqP
他问我个问题。 >sfg`4
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: W(`QbNJ
They robbed the old man of his money. zKO7`.*
他们抢了老人的钱。 qk1j mr
He's warned me of the danger. L^3&
他警告我注意危险。 d]pb1ECuu
The doctor has cured him of his disease. /Vn>(;lo
医生治好了他的病。 tcuwGs>_
We must rid the house of th erats. @h
%V:c
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 '4[=*!hs!
They deprived him of his right to speak. //q(v,D%Q
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
5&&4-
5.S十V十O十C句式 Q +^&
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 &
9p!J(C
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 H\67Pd(Z6
They made the girl angry. dAh.I3
他们使这个女孩生气了。 \k.`xG?
They found her happy that day. L*(9Hti
他们发现那天她很高兴。
mgq!)
I found him out. ^Xk!wJ
我发现他出去了。 %ou,|Dww
I saw him in. <v_=k],W
我见他在家。 94u{k1d x
They saw a foot mark in the sand. Dqx#i-L23
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 +$dJA
They named the boy Charlie. 2/LSB8n|
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 /`*{57/3
I saw him come in and go out. >XD?zF)6
我见他进来又出去。 T*z]<0E]
They felt the car moving fast. Xn6#q3;^|
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 /{i~CGc;"
I heard the glass broken just now. )ZG;.j
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 rf.pT+g.P
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 37#&:[w>
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 M tN>5k c
BuJo W@)
PobX;Z