英语中基本句式 s-QM6*
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: AZh@t?)
S十V主谓结构 y#hga5
S十V十F主系表结构 5*s1qA0^
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ti$oZ4PpF
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 .8u$z`j
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 /#S4espE
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ET >S
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ib5;f0Qa
1.S十V句式 l 'AK
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: _n-VgPRn
He runs quickly. Q3<bC6$r
他跑得快。 C m,*bgX
They listened carefully. 21[K[ %
他们听得很仔细。 X_lUD?y
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) `c qH}2s#
他挨冻受饿。 N0y;PVAGu
China belongs to the third world country. KKx&UKjV
中国属于第三世界国家。 kPx]u\
The gas has given out. q7 %=`l
煤气用完了。 "e1{V8
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My ink has run out. IqvqvHxLX
我的钢笔水用完了。 LG/=+[\{E
2.S十V十P句式 mhHA!:
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ZI2K-z'e
He is older than he looks.
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他比看上去要老。 :wv
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He seen interested in the book. xh+
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 'Yaf\Hp
The story sounds interesting. ;Zx K3/(7
这个故事听起来有趣。 N3XVT{yo
The desk feels hard. "v\ bMuS
书桌摸起来很硬。 Y0P}KPD
The cake tastes nice. <'>d0:>N
饼尝起来很香。 %KabyvOl)
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. JqVBT+:
花闻起来香甜。 ),D`ZRXS
You have grown taller than before. ~,1-$#R
你长得比以前高了。 2g ?Jb5)
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) TRr4`y%
他突然病倒了。 DU*g~{8T$
He stood quite still.
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他静静地站看。 . T6_N
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. |k7ts&2
他长大后当了教师。 &dZ.+#8r
He could never turn traitor to his country. 2#$}yP~
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ;i-D~Np|
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 5H'b4Cyi`
He looked me up and down. Kd`l[56#
他上下打量我。 :r
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He reached his hand to feel the elephant. =XRgT1>e
他伸出手来摸象。 hZss
They are tasting the fish. 6,g5To#vw
他们在品尝鱼。 8CnvvMf
They grow rice in their home town. 9|G=KN)P:
他们在家乡种水稻。 ?4wehcZz
He's got a chair to sit on. iaa (ce
他有椅子坐。 V %{9o
Please turn the sentence into English. <Hr@~<@~
请把这个句于泽成英语。 VvMU)
3.S十V十O句式 vU\w3
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: n_xQSVI0F
I saw a film yesterday. `aX}.{.!
我昨天看了一部电影。 `MpC<sit
Have you read the story?
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你读过这个故事吗? Tm~#wL
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They found their home easily. "'H7F,k'
他们很容易找到他们的家。 vS*0CR\
They built a house last year. 1o6J9kCq^3
他们去年建了一所房子。 cnUU1Uz>
They've put up a factory in the village. n'ca*E(
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 gx>mKSzy
They have taken good care of the children. K7&8;So
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 cwW~ *90#
You should look after your children well. -5-SlQu
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 C5lD
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 ~E6+2t*
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: G'}_ZUy#
He gave me a book/a book to me. $b
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他给我一本书。 HI?~t|[y
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. !\k#{
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他带给我一枝钢笔。 *ej o6>
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ThQEQ6y
他把座位让给我。 WO*WAP)n
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: yI|?iBc7nC
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. +fQ$~vr{'
妈妈给我买了一本书。 {R8P $
He got me a chair/a chair for me. N4]6LA6x6
他给我弄了一把椅子。 ORPl^n-
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. Q@.9wEAJ
请帮我一下。 PH4bM
He asked me a question/a question of me. 68br
他问我个问题。 ps;o[gB@5
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: ?}Ptb&Vk(
They robbed the old man of his money. G.E~&{5xQ
他们抢了老人的钱。 /Ta0}Y(y
He's warned me of the danger. "7g8 d
他警告我注意危险。 9oN'.H^
The doctor has cured him of his disease. exN#!&;
医生治好了他的病。 eS%6hUb
We must rid the house of th erats. ej53O/hP
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 #K*q(ei,7h
They deprived him of his right to speak. &MLhCekY
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 DmA!+
5.S十V十O十C句式 en6AAr:U}
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 \bmboNe
They made the girl angry. 8$tpPOhzb
他们使这个女孩生气了。 DQXx}%Px
They found her happy that day. f5XcBW9E
他们发现那天她很高兴。
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I found him out. >a~FSZf
我发现他出去了。 BnY|t2r
I saw him in. zq>"a&Y,
我见他在家。 xyCcd=
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 5
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 9
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They named the boy Charlie. o6%f%:&
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 62E(=l
I saw him come in and go out. !H.lVA
我见他进来又出去。
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They felt the car moving fast. "2j~3aWj
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 \K=
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I heard the glass broken just now. 5WG@ ;K%
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Li$k<AM
He found the doctor of study closed to him. v)pWx0l=
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 @&>
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