英语中基本句式 1+Z@4;fk
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: U)sw
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S十V主谓结构 xj#anr
S十V十F主系表结构 @
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 SJai<>k h
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 HB0DG<c-
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 c|2+J:}p
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 *u)#yEJ)
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ]fdxpqz
1.S十V句式 W>'KE:!sp
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: PJn|
He runs quickly. :RG=3T[
他跑得快。 h2_A'
They listened carefully. 0/4"Jh$t
他们听得很仔细。 d>1cKmH!
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) 0qSf7"3f
他挨冻受饿。 &0k`=?v$
China belongs to the third world country. 1x3>XN]a
中国属于第三世界国家。
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The gas has given out. `Re{j{~s
煤气用完了。 wN2D{Jj
My ink has run out. T/nG\WZbZn
我的钢笔水用完了。 M'sq{K9
2.S十V十P句式 pkEx.R)
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: pzFM
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He is older than he looks. OeYZLC(
他比看上去要老。 XQI!G_\+C
He seen interested in the book. M}\p/r=
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 "Gc\"'^r
The story sounds interesting. R^Y>v5jAe
这个故事听起来有趣。 B.F~/PET
The desk feels hard. |576)
书桌摸起来很硬。 Dwbt^{N^
The cake tastes nice. _BPp=(|
饼尝起来很香。 `-yiVUp1:z
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. ewO
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花闻起来香甜。 |gwGCa+
You have grown taller than before. w1:%P36H
你长得比以前高了。 /"
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He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) x#jJ
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他突然病倒了。 uXm}THI
He stood quite still. dz,4);Mg
他静静地站看。 VmP5`):?b
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. E-L>.tD
他长大后当了教师。 ,ek0)z.
He could never turn traitor to his country. miEf<<L#z
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ~=/.ZUQNX
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: LR%
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He looked me up and down. RWdx)qj{
他上下打量我。 JK^pb0ih
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ,'a[1RN
他伸出手来摸象。 r`A|2(h5B
They are tasting the fish. \$Aw[
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他们在品尝鱼。 Dfw%Bu
They grow rice in their home town. z18<rj
他们在家乡种水稻。 vg-'MG
He's got a chair to sit on. y7-daek
他有椅子坐。 =fcRH:B:
Please turn the sentence into English. j38>5DM6L
请把这个句于泽成英语。 R7ExMJw
3.S十V十O句式 6;p"xC-
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ?Suv.!wfLl
I saw a film yesterday. )!g@MHHL
我昨天看了一部电影。 eGi|S'L'
Have you read the story? wY_! s Qo
你读过这个故事吗? C0-,<X
They found their home easily. P;[>TCs ]8
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ;0;5+ J7
They built a house last year. *@[N~:z/
他们去年建了一所房子。 0&2eiMKG?n
They've put up a factory in the village. {!37w[s~
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 FXo{|z3
They have taken good care of the children. &d i=alvv1
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 S'(Hl}h!.
You should look after your children well. 4 ky/a1y-
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 .MI
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 </33>Fu)
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: :my@Oxx4@
He gave me a book/a book to me. xT;j_'9U;
他给我一本书。 p5 )+
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ZA8FX
他带给我一枝钢笔。 !)h?2#V8;
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. A:YWXcg
他把座位让给我。 u,),kj<
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: hsHtLH+@
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ) kK" 1\m
妈妈给我买了一本书。 9}Qrb@DT
He got me a chair/a chair for me. `)_11ywZ
他给我弄了一把椅子。 _~_6qTv-d
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. C 8qVYrw
请帮我一下。 8!VFb+
He asked me a question/a question of me. wVY;)1?
他问我个问题。 B)L;ja
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: TCS^nB
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They robbed the old man of his money. ffE&=eh)
他们抢了老人的钱。 N6*v!M+
He's warned me of the danger. *r]Mn~3
他警告我注意危险。 8et.A
The doctor has cured him of his disease. `-[+(+["
医生治好了他的病。 rCFTch"
We must rid the house of th erats. {uuvgFC
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 9\[A%jp#K@
They deprived him of his right to speak. *) ?Fo
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 xtP=/B/
5.S十V十O十C句式 aok,qn'j
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 FWzf8*^
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 t?R=a- ZI
They made the girl angry.
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 (6Sf#M
They found her happy that day. 8{Id+Q>Vo,
他们发现那天她很高兴。 !rMl" Y[
I found him out. $6]7>:8mz
我发现他出去了。 @43o4,
I saw him in. 63?fn~0\
我见他在家。 -O=a"G=
They saw a foot mark in the sand. v|v^(P,o
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 g)Byd\DS
They named the boy Charlie. n/3g
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ~CB6+t
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I saw him come in and go out. ZP&"[_
我见他进来又出去。 ?"no~(EB
They felt the car moving fast. "A_WU|
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 {m/\AG)1
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I heard the glass broken just now. n_n0Q}du
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 wZECG-jr/
He found the doctor of study closed to him. %#Vn?zr|~
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 3 9Ql|l$
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