英语中基本句式 tb;!2$
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: .h)o\6Wq
S十V主谓结构 \
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S十V十F主系表结构 plL##?<D<
S十V十O主谓宾结构 b!W!Vvf^x
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 20[_eu)
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 O`2;n.>\
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 s7RAui
五个基本句式详细解释如下: }S{#DgZ@X
1.S十V句式 ?C#=Q6
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: B%HG7
He runs quickly. rzC\8Dd
他跑得快。 <"I#lib
They listened carefully. _8$arjx=
他们听得很仔细。 YEGRM$'`
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) L\L/+yNv:G
他挨冻受饿。 _F|oL|
China belongs to the third world country. B%95M|
中国属于第三世界国家。 I$@0FSl
The gas has given out. :BLD&mb"Y
煤气用完了。 _~f&wkc
My ink has run out. .
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我的钢笔水用完了。 aiP.\`>}
2.S十V十P句式 T%kr&XsQX
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: d+ P<nI/|
He is older than he looks. E"p;
他比看上去要老。 feOX]g#
He seen interested in the book. if6/ +7
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 @1_M's;
The story sounds interesting. ^8p=g-U\
这个故事听起来有趣。 sJ{S(wpi"
The desk feels hard. v8Ga@*
书桌摸起来很硬。 Wr.G9zq.+
The cake tastes nice. 9sQ7wlK
饼尝起来很香。 Ke0j8|
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 3o=R_%r
花闻起来香甜。 L4bx [
You have grown taller than before. >OP[qj
你长得比以前高了。 eEvE3=,hg
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) =+{SZh@
他突然病倒了。 i,5mH$a&u:
He stood quite still. 7noxUGmFw
他静静地站看。 : b9X?%L~
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. R(
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他长大后当了教师。 ~4e4Gyx c
He could never turn traitor to his country. x+niY;Z E
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 [wHGt?R
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: QrmiQ]d*p
He looked me up and down. ^!
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他上下打量我。 vwA d6Tm
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ;onhc*{lv
他伸出手来摸象。 :Kc9k(3&r
They are tasting the fish. ^*!Tq&Dst|
他们在品尝鱼。 (yh zjN~
They grow rice in their home town. -M{.KqyW
他们在家乡种水稻。 F#<$yUf%
He's got a chair to sit on. FVi7gg.?
他有椅子坐。 pAZD>15l"
Please turn the sentence into English. Szz:$!t
请把这个句于泽成英语。 Cp[{|U-?G
3.S十V十O句式 s48 { R4
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ~57.0?IK
I saw a film yesterday. YfB8
我昨天看了一部电影。 wtm=
Have you read the story? Pl2ZA)[g
你读过这个故事吗? 'aLTiF+
They found their home easily. +;@p'af!9
他们很容易找到他们的家。 g#??Mz
They built a house last year. 7Pb:
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他们去年建了一所房子。 7[ 82~jM[
They've put up a factory in the village. `Z)]mH\X
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 r]6X
They have taken good care of the children. iS/faXe5
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 J~"h&>T
You should look after your children well. &O&;v|!9
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 J.t tJOP
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 x JXPt
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: O|ODJOQNol
He gave me a book/a book to me. 06r-@iY.]
他给我一本书。 bOvMXj/HV=
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ,.Sd)JB'
他带给我一枝钢笔。 FF} A_ZFY
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. !}+rg2
他把座位让给我。 Lt<KRs
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: e
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. <
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 I"_``*/1
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 =xf7lN'
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. OS.oknzZZ
请帮我一下。 @/DHfs 4O
He asked me a question/a question of me. Y+[Z,
他问我个问题。 p,cw-lN
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: @An "ClDa
They robbed the old man of his money. p%?VW
他们抢了老人的钱。 1vmK
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He's warned me of the danger. /-mo8]J#2~
他警告我注意危险。 8'nxc#&
The doctor has cured him of his disease. W/?\ 8AE
医生治好了他的病。 ;OTd<
We must rid the house of th erats. D{Rk9MKkE
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 z4UJo!{S
They deprived him of his right to speak. n}T;q1
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 A=+
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5.S十V十O十C句式 4uSC>
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ~\C.Nm
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 tsqkV7?
They made the girl angry. $Qc`4x;N
他们使这个女孩生气了。 zdh&,!] F6
They found her happy that day. P%nN#Qm
他们发现那天她很高兴。 !-OPzfHrI
I found him out. ~$@~X*K~
我发现他出去了。 EU
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I saw him in. e2@{Ab
我见他在家。 3<L>BakD
They saw a foot mark in the sand. P*\h)F/3}t
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 -76l*=|
They named the boy Charlie. =D@+
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 L+rMBa
I saw him come in and go out. js~?y|e8k
我见他进来又出去。 ohod)8
They felt the car moving fast. Z%t"~r0PS
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 #"6O3.P
I heard the glass broken just now. B_u1FWc
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 2yt)"DnFk
He found the doctor of study closed to him. Tw{}Ht_Qq
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 `wzb}"gLsM
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