考博英语语法重点总结 9yL6 W'B!
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 ^{[[Z.&R?
独立主格特征 ]
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1. 充当句子的状语。 SiTeB)/
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 niz 'b]] +
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 X~L!e}Rz
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） ;==j|/ERe
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. N2FbrfNFa
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. iRve)
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). taDQ65
真题剖析 pkk4h2Ah
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. %/pc=i|+
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because 1Es qQz*$u
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. -_>.f(1
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be mb{q(WEPP
虚拟语气 9/3;{`+[a
虚拟语气（2） 2 Y+:,ud\
1. （should）+动词原形 iLtc
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It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 I$j|Rq
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 A 3q*$.[
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 >|
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 lT ,+bU
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 .NnGVxc5*
would rather +动词过去式 nk/vGa4
真题剖析 Y /lN@
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … XU9'Rfp
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t DsQ/aG9c%
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. - _t&+5]
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded L|\Diap
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. [ {cC
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take v8'5pLt"
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. *rf$>8~$n
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 8&.-]{Z
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should ny1 \4C
非谓语动词 Dl A Z"C
动名词、分词、不定式。 o0`q#>7!_b
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) j
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发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) 6mHhC?
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。
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真题剖析 RIjM(
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. tIGs>, a=
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops F$yeF^\g
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. c[5@ \j
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative fl)zQ cA
主谓一致 V(..8}LlD
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 9v~5qv;
How you got there doesn’t concern me. gZ` DT
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. }n[Bq
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2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 <25ccE9^c
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. 2AK}D%jfc
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 !Uy >eji}
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 u[EK#%
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). o#}mkE87
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 CQ1 8%w6
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. X6kaL 3L}
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) dz,+tR~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） VDn:SGj5
He no less than John is interested in literature. 2sun=3qb
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) sam[ s4@eQ
Either my father or my brothers are coming. [*HiI =
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 ,`)OEI|1d
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. ^ZVO ql&
真题剖析 vJThU$s-
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. BS.=
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some m1y `
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倒装 PUKVn+h
全部倒装 zq=&4afOE
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” {*fUJmao"
There stand big buildings in this district. 5Pqt_ZWy
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. xT=ySa$|>
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) K0 QH?F
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. %I}'Vb{C
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 Q@Dkl
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. _.-#E$6s#q
4. 表语位于句首 c_DaNEfaY
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. nF| Oy0
Not far from here is a famous university. =h7[E./U1
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 xD^w TtT
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. L6x B`E9
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. W1`Dx(g
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） 1q`k}KM y
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. &t_A0z
部分倒装 TH>,v
1. 疑问句 0}D-KvjyP
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） y:C)%cv}*
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. XJ O[[G
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3. “only+状语”位于句首 1y~L8!: L
Only when he comes back can be leave. $8Ig&k|~8
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 [bsXF#
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. fw:7U %MGv
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) OelU
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By no means should you break the rules. \Vz,wy %-
At no time should we give in to difficulties. 2+o!
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) {N "*olx
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” CuIqh BW!
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. hcQSB00D^
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. x
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