考博英语语法重点总结 n6G&^Oj
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装
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独立主格特征 ~Ls I<z
1. 充当句子的状语。 " B
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2. 有自己的主语,同句子的主语不一致。
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3. 名词(代词,形容词,副词,介词)+ 分词 9yo[T(
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4. With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) 8MeXVhM
例:a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. oRThJ B
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. :5M}Iz7
c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). W 'a~pB1I
真题剖析 Kw0V4UF
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Gu`Vk/&
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because SP7g qM
练习:Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. P .4b+9Tx
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be DUKmwKM"k
虚拟语气
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虚拟语气(2) @\`G & VB
1. (should)+动词原形 mUyv+n,
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 11<@++,i
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 #D/ }u./
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 p:<gFZb
部分名词/动词(表示建议,劝告,决定等) +that从句 x";.gjI |g
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 s.`%ZDl@Y
would rather +动词过去式 199hQxib:
真题剖析 ~q?"w:@;x
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … Ed&,[rC
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t FHNuMdFn
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. BdB`
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded h[je _^5
练习:Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. &Wv`AoV
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take v(@+6#&
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 6
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(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) 9 CK\tx&
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should `k{ ff
非谓语动词 n?e@):
动名词、分词、不定式。 z^!A
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主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vi! r8k
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) COan)<Ku
To在什么情况下作介词,什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ^I'Lw
真题剖析 |+;K
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. x U13fl
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops {F(-s"1;xO
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. ;!0.Kk
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59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative wwK~H
主谓一致 @u"kX2>Eq
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语,谓语通常用单数形式。 Jp.3KA>
How you got there doesn’t concern me. k{}[>))Q
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. lNA'M&
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语,谓语多用单数。 ~aqT~TL_
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. Ft"&NtXeZZ
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等),谓语通常用单数形式。 k67i`f=
4. “分数或百分数+主语”,谓语跟主语保持一致。 p;n3`aVh
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ^T}}4I_Y
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语,谓语用单数。 oieQ2>lYh
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. \'It,PN
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) B{OW}D$P#
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) z,}c?BP
He no less than John is interested in literature. 0gv3v@QO
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) M\\e e3Ih
Either my father or my brothers are coming. 9&O#+FU
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语,谓语用单数。 XQ0#0<
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. [D<RV3x9
真题剖析 y"|K
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(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. e9z$+h
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ;Ch+X$m9
倒装 `x%U
全部倒装 iioct_7,g<
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” TZ&4
There stand big buildings in this district. vi[#?;pkF
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 5YT
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2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆,如it blew up.) eD*?q7
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. #;\L,a|>*
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 _Hz~HoNU
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. VZT6;1TD$8
4. 表语位于句首 KXoL,)Hl
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. {f`lSu
Not far from here is a famous university. l?[{?Luq
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 @!z$Sp=
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. 2gQY8h8
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. =&di4'`
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语) io1S9a(y
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. +Od1)_'\D3
部分倒装 C-s>1\I
1. 疑问句 a~8:rW^
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外) 3[MdUj1y[
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. 4mEzcwo'
3. “only+状语”位于句首 3c01uObTL
Only when he comes back can be leave. U>/<6Wd
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 I#i?**
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 4^
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5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) ShC_hi
By no means should you break the rules. <'r0r/0g?
At no time should we give in to difficulties. `)rg|~#k
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) ,]0S4h67
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词” xCR;
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. gb.f%rlZ`
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. *,E;