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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 fnJ!~b*qo  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 h4,S /n  
  1 、医生 +]*hzWbe  
  ① doctor, medical worker Y)](jU%o  
  ② physician 内科医生 rl0|)j  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 Pf?zszvs  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 AZ'"Ua  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 .CAcG"42  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 '>aj5tZ>R  
s4kkzTnXE3  
  2 、医院 0'nY  
  ① hospital z'r B_l  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 x4e8;A(y  
  The general hospital 普通医院 !Bqmw  
  The community hospital 社区医院 863PVce",}  
  The public hospital 公立医院 /2jw]ekQ'  
  The private hospital 私立医院 @`S8d%6P  
  ② clinc 门诊 {klyVb  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 :,*{,^2q:  
  ③ ward 病房 +^tw@b  
④ medical team 医疗队 ]$xN`O4W{  
$ri 'tJ+  
3、 医疗手段 h}@)oSX }  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 D@ R>gqb  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 idLC q^jnJ  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ~K-_]*[x  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis !ZC0n`  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ")?NCun>  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | +i1\],7  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 }+3IM1VTW{  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 c=Y8R/G<  
(9)              TCM 中医 wNt-mgir-Q  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 [tEHr  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 &:MfLD J  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 zbM*/:Y  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 2B<0|EGtzw  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 xw5LPz;B  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; #ekz>/Im*  
M(+ ;AS?;  
  4 、医疗体制 ,*}5xpX  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 SF#Rc>v  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 3Q-[)Z )  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 y5AJ1A6?E  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 Q*h%'oc`  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 f}_d`?K  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 (K>=!&tlp=  
7vf?#^ RlV  
  5 、医德 Pa} B0XBWP  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 PiTe/  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 4EB&Zmg[K  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 eJm7}\/6`  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 ".=LzjE<gv  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 ~.,h12  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 zJJ6"9sl  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 V&>\U?q:  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ;& PK6 G  
V;V,G+0Re  
  6 、病人 Qn*a#]p  
  (1 )patient ra'h\m  
  (2 )the sick k;?Oi? ]  
  (3 )the invalid Z_F}Y2-w9  
  (4) sufferer .PhH|jrCW^  
   RXj6L~vs5_  
(二)疾病 g[,1$39Z|@  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 3w B03\P  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 5}/TB_W7j  
  (2) contract (v ) q~K KN /N  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 +C(v4@=nd  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 'xC83}!k  
$YyN-C  
  2 、必知疾病名称 8?S)>-mwv  
  heart disease 心脏病 <$\En[u0  
  hypertension 高血压 | Ts0h?"a  
  kidney problem 肾病 gD\  =  
  stroke 中风 ZN:~etd  
    shock 休克 Pkm3&sW  
  the blood pressure 血压 $:YJ<HvG<  
  diabetes 糖尿病 qQ_o>+3VAy  
  obesity 肥胖 r`THOj\cM  
  terminal illness 绝症 oM@X)6P_  
  incurable illness 不治之症 E,#J\)'z  
  cancer 癌症 M=}vDw]Q  
  tumor 肿瘤 qGE?[\t[6  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 =/k*w#j  
  emergency case 急症 COx<X\  
  serious illness 重症 l"\W]'T:r  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 WrR97]7t  
  short breath 短气 !~{AF| 2f  
  syndrome 综合症 =Of!1TR(  
  complications 并发症 P8JN m"C  
  process 病程 5"Ibm D>D  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 7kBULeBn|  
short-sighted (adj)近视 B}.G(-u?7  
~ituPrH%<  
  3、传染病 o,!r t1&0  
  (1) 感染源 \(lt [=  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 C ^@~  
  (2 )传染疾病 e ,_b  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 g+ik`q(ge  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 F<y5zqGy@  
  infection contagion 传染病 silTL_$  
  infectious diseases 传染病 MorR&K  
  AIDS 艾滋病 p;!'5 f  
  SARS Bv^{|w  
  (3) 传染 K8.=bGyg  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 E%M~:JuKd?  
  block the channel (v) "WTnC0<  
  disseminate 传播 vj I>TIy  
cross infection 交叉感染 m8F-#?~  
0kI.d X)  
  5 、疾病、病痛 Y`QJcC(3  
  illness .y{qsL^P  
  sickness 7E$ e1=  
  disease 8> Hnv ]p  
  ailment 8CxC`*L(  
suffering r%hnl9  
4/$ $?w4  
  6 、疾病的转归 C+-xC~  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 k,S'i#4q4  
  recover recovery ^$aj,*Aj~  
  recuperate Ti }Ljp^O  
  resume Pe w-6u"  
  recruit B98&JoS  
  reinstate X8Px  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 mh>)N"  
  deteriorate 2HBYReQ  
  aggravate >ZKE  
  exasperate %ci/(wL  
  make worse ]R/VE"-  
  worsen Vd[[<  
   U]lXw+&  
    7、其他相关词汇 D^To:N 7U  
  outbreak and spending Mt)`hR+2  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 MzRURH,  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 p`-`(i=iJo  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 U@dztX@u  
  taboo 禁忌 3Xaw  
  speed up blood circulation (v) OwrzD~  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) 7nB@U$]-Sz  
  side effects 副反应 E_]L8UC;m  
complain of 主述 #r; ' AG  
>}h/$bU  
   k6-Q3W[+a  
(三)药物 ^Humy DD6  
  1 、药物名称 " B Z6G`  
  medicine $QmP' <  
  drug Fku9hB  
  remedy A@#9X'C$^  
  medicinal herbs TLzg*  
  power 0PD]#.+  
  tablet 0\O*\w?  
pill n.p6+^ES  
]kx)/n-K  
  2 、药物用法 &}31q`  
  开药 : \Rop~gD  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases Ha9A5Ao}0  
  write out a proscription g2.%x \d  
  服药 t<sg8U.  
  take a medicine "*|plB  
  治…的疾病 'Cs D[<  
a remedy for some diseases > tX n9'S  
'`$a l7D  
3 、其他相关词汇 {C Qo}@.7  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 }2-<}m9}  
  side effects 副反应 z|[#6X6tT  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 od!"?F  
  drugstore 药房 _;",7bT80  
  over the counter 非处方药 F;Ms6 "K  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 R4GmUCKB=  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 mz;S*ONlV  
  prescription 处方 Xm&L@2V  
  expenses for medicine 药费 3UgusH 3  
  charges for medicine lob{{AB,!  
drug rebate 药品回扣 w#g0nV"X6  
;xaOv e;9  
   J;4x-R$W  
(四)心理疾病  ZeD;  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 vUl5%r2O4  
  subhealth 亚健康 ei '=%r8~  
  psychological benefits 心理健康  0 (jb19  
  psychological problem 心理问题 n~N>c*p  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 {?m;DY v  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 YgiwtZ5FY  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 s.+2[R1HF  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 ^~}|X%q3  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 D ODo !  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ""l_& 3oz  
psychological expert 心理专家 xMJF1O?3  
B$qmXA)ze  
  2 、情绪词汇  {n }6  
  overcome $+P9@Q$  
  disappoint *A}QBZ  
  disappointed yO.3~H)c  
  shy , a*JM2^,HO  
  flush RbX!^v<0f6  
  frustration RP'`\| |*  
  failure jq(3y|6,  
  willpower 7onMKMktM%  
  optimism 6ae  
  optimistic )}L*8 LV  
  be sensitive to r4caI V  
  nervous :0>wm@qCQ  
  tensional Im%|9g;P  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic D.xN_NK"  
  confident confidence hH:7  
  stress pressure pgz3d{]ua  
  depress depressed h-hU=I8  
  depression depressive 6'ye-}vD-  
   Rt~Aud[  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 u.iFlU   
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary :Bp{yUgi@  
   f ^mxj/%L  
(五)肥胖与营养 \lHi=}0  
  1 、营养物质 {OP-9P=p  
  nutrient 营养素 vgOmcf%;  
  protein 蛋白质 65AXUTg  
  fat 脂肪 _v4TyJ  
  glucose 葡萄糖 ?@Z~i]gE[V  
  vitamin 维生素 iQ*JU2;7 t  
  sugar 糖类 Gdnk1_D>  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 u,[Yaw"L  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 o*97Nbjn  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 >=^g%K$L6J  
cholesterol胆固醇 #O]F5JB  
:Oo  
  2 、营养与饮食 &q1(v3cOO  
  a well-balanced diet 5R4h9D5  
  nutrition 营养 7M}T^LC  
  nutritional 营养的 AQ. Y-'\t  
%^^2  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 -Qo`UL.}  
a}#[mw@m=  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall <;#d*&]  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase >!E:$;i@  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; )=9\6zXS  
4.       食品安全 food safety Lcplc"C  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies dGQxGt1  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to =Xm [  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU -x3QgDno  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system 8~:qn@ Z|E  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care T_6,o[b8  
10.   服务体系service system A c; w cgU  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene  ]N-K`c]  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. =NAL*4c+  
13.   清淡的lite R[wy{4< y  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet =w".B[r  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ,bmiIW%  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 8_U*_I7(  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; #E5#{bra  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease P_hwa1~d  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 7R<<}dA]  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion vBj{bnl  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" KLsTgo|J  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission iK(n'X5i  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D ],>Z' W  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 0%k`* 8  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness = B*,S#r  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s $>OWGueq64  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse hX$k8 o0  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 5Tb93Q@c  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent –  s4;SA  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver *7nlel  
31.   血压 hypertension mcb0%  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon E$4\Yc)(AL  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 (Pin9^`ALc  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ [#)-F_S  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 0#G&8*FMN  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health +x-n,!(  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds wCkhE,#-_  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations <{9E.6G`n  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle {#zJx(2yG  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 72&xEx  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people u(\b1h n  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent '?v.O}  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from bMxzJRrNg  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to BB|w-W=Kd  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to mUm9[X~'  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to Tr(w~et  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive X[(u]h`  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak Qi w "x,  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly SH<Nt[8C  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations teg LGp@_  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon Xi6XV3G  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate c9=;:E  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 8qrE<RHU@  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances Qg%B<3 <  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance |jU/R  
56.   退休养老金retirement n J3oH^  
57.   医疗改革health care reform (m|p|rL  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity K!).QB'  
59.   月经期menstrual period S }(hx$G^M  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace KWLI7fTgj$  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care Vge9AH:op  
62.   安乐死euthanasia !eMz;GZ  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill <KoiZ{V   
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! VEkv JX.  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient JpcG5gX^B  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 7ykpDl^@  
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