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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 I`NjqyTW  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 98^V4maR:  
  1 、医生 1GzAG;UUo6  
  ① doctor, medical worker T=ev[ mS  
  ② physician 内科医生 GSH>7!.#  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 j]`PSl+w  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 TYW&! sm  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 -B +4+&{T  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 ]q4rlT.i  
E>K!Vrh-L  
  2 、医院 YOcO4   
  ① hospital %^jMj2  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 uA< n  
  The general hospital 普通医院 ~sh`r{0  
  The community hospital 社区医院 :> 5@cvc  
  The public hospital 公立医院 P5UL4uyl  
  The private hospital 私立医院 `x*Pof!Io  
  ② clinc 门诊 tS6qWtE  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 I`!<9OTBj  
  ③ ward 病房 BI%$c~wS  
④ medical team 医疗队 8A})V8  
n"c[,k+R`U  
3、 医疗手段 , K~}\CR  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 J| w>a  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 gi1^3R[  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 !2f[}.6+  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis NXrJfp  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 w9EOC$|Y  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | s Z].8.  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 n-tgX?1'  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 *nkoPVpC  
(9)              TCM 中医 _Tm3<o.   
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 %]}  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 _@ qjV~%Sy  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 2K/4Rf0;  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 T Ne l/   
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Yi %;|]  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; lZ]ZDb?P  
p>v$FiV2N  
  4 、医疗体制 g}k`o!q  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 |\pj;XU  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 R'as0 u\  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 [}E='m}u9+  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 61C7.EZZ;  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 2*;~S4 4  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 3nO]Ge"w'n  
$w`x vX  
  5 、医德 Qb-M6ihcc  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 l*Gvf_UH  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 K7_UP&`=J  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的  MzdV2.  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 99e.n0  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 3w*R&  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 C!<Ou6}!b  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ~ D j8 z+^  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people w e//|fA<  
^,TO#%$iE  
  6 、病人 V(I8=rVH  
  (1 )patient zZPO&akB"  
  (2 )the sick mp1@|*Sn  
  (3 )the invalid {BN#h[#B{  
  (4) sufferer L\J;J%fz.  
   JX;<F~{.  
(二)疾病 hD 82tr  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 R`qFg/S  
  ⑴ suffer from (v )  ?(1 y  
  (2) contract (v ) 6P l<'3&  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 ASA,{w]  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 *~e?TfG  
D;*SnU(9 L  
  2 、必知疾病名称 p?OoC  
  heart disease 心脏病 k 1~&x$G  
  hypertension 高血压  NH4#  
  kidney problem 肾病 ~q.F<6O  
  stroke 中风 ?);v`]  
    shock 休克 `*R:gE=  
  the blood pressure 血压 +7.',@8_V  
  diabetes 糖尿病 kgP0x-Ap  
  obesity 肥胖 IOmfF[  
  terminal illness 绝症 F^;ez/Gl  
  incurable illness 不治之症 r`d4e,(  
  cancer 癌症 :4/3q|cn  
  tumor 肿瘤 db7B^|Di  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 ~B?y{  
  emergency case 急症 ,#9PxwrO  
  serious illness 重症 m-#2n? z-  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 JK5gQ3C[  
  short breath 短气 hHnYtq  
  syndrome 综合症 \_f(M|  
  complications 并发症 <>rn eHl8  
  process 病程 Kn1a>fLaJ_  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 0 M[EEw3  
short-sighted (adj)近视 `d}2O%P  
Tyx_/pJT  
  3、传染病 @Jw-8Q{  
  (1) 感染源 2P0*NQ   
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 UP,c|  
  (2 )传染疾病 4H&+dR I"  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 m9rp8r*e  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 q(84+{>B  
  infection contagion 传染病 C~/a-  
  infectious diseases 传染病 K be C"mi  
  AIDS 艾滋病 C?eH]hkZ3  
  SARS 7qS)c}Q\  
  (3) 传染 C,4e"yynb  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 SvF<p3  
  block the channel (v) )Pv%#P-<  
  disseminate 传播 + {'.7#  
cross infection 交叉感染 nqUV  
SE*g;Cvg1  
  5 、疾病、病痛 1$h,m63)  
  illness c-sfg>0^  
  sickness y?3; 06y|  
  disease )vlhN2iv  
  ailment ?}Y]|c^W  
suffering cH2K )~  
4^<?Wq~  
  6 、疾病的转归 6ik$B   
  (1 )疾病的恢复 "#g}ve,  
  recover recovery <F'\lA9  
  recuperate  cU  
  resume CTmT@A{  
  recruit {M)Nnst"~  
  reinstate 'Pbr v  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 yB!dp;gM{  
  deteriorate \{NO?%s0p  
  aggravate DHRlWQox  
  exasperate dc'Y `e  
  make worse qe\5m.k  
  worsen Dha1/g1q  
   B)U Z`?>c  
    7、其他相关词汇 fN2lLn9/u  
  outbreak and spending wuo,kM  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 !5N.B|N t  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ugBCBr  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 }-`4DHgq  
  taboo 禁忌 u%!@(eKM-  
  speed up blood circulation (v) 2&5K. Ui%  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) R@2X3s:  
  side effects 副反应 *NQ/UXE  
complain of 主述 v` r:=K  
Ts x>&WC  
   "w c<B4"  
(三)药物 ss-D(K"  
  1 、药物名称 8b=_Y;   
  medicine >-c8q]()ly  
  drug T]$U""  
  remedy fc@A0Hf  
  medicinal herbs WEpoBP CL  
  power wyG;8I  
  tablet [ /ZO q  
pill =R\]=cRbg  
g,Y/M3>(  
  2 、药物用法 w*Ihk)  
  开药 : L0]_X#s>#  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases :Q q#Z  
  write out a proscription ^C%<l( b  
  服药 I?NyM  
  take a medicine L rPkxmR  
  治…的疾病 *|l/6!WM  
a remedy for some diseases ^}C\zW  
CH/rp4NeSy  
3 、其他相关词汇 6zn5UW#q  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 -{_PuJ "  
  side effects 副反应 Sx\]!B@DSu  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 !VK|u8i  
  drugstore 药房 q,6DEz  
  over the counter 非处方药 {_dvx*M  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 QdC<Sk!G  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 Ca3~/K rM  
  prescription 处方 6aV_@no.C  
  expenses for medicine 药费 &"q=5e2  
  charges for medicine Q3SS/eNP  
drug rebate 药品回扣 K4);HJ|=  
MJrR[h]  
   >"<Wjr8W!$  
(四)心理疾病 ei{eTp4HpV  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 x3krbUlx  
  subhealth 亚健康 ?0,Ngrbe  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 a@*\o+Su  
  psychological problem 心理问题 j8`BdKg  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 !Rt >xD  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 /H==Hm/  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 N.{D$"  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 BVO<e \>3  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 (!N|Kl  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 "w.3Q96r  
psychological expert 心理专家 ?K\axf>F  
:08,JL{  
  2 、情绪词汇 "FKOaQ%IH  
  overcome uR r o?m<  
  disappoint LE>]8[ f6S  
  disappointed Y.r+wc]  
  shy , 8pgEix/M5o  
  flush iW /}#  
  frustration &IB|rw'9  
  failure 6f*CvW  
  willpower 3jC_AO%T  
  optimism ^M>P:~  
  optimistic <HVt V9R  
  be sensitive to fsWTF<Y  
  nervous w=J3=T@TD  
  tensional =zKM=qba  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic b`O'1r\Y;  
  confident confidence 8eHyL  
  stress pressure vTzlwK\#1  
  depress depressed 9c :cw  
  depression depressive |2n4QBH!  
   C={Y;C1  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 cP_.&!T  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary !N vI:C_4|  
   >_"an~Ss  
(五)肥胖与营养 'Xq| Kf (  
  1 、营养物质 ;P%1j|7  
  nutrient 营养素 9H`XeQ.  
  protein 蛋白质 ]R f[y  
  fat 脂肪 lB vR+9Qw  
  glucose 葡萄糖 8(&[Rs?K  
  vitamin 维生素 !/i{l  
  sugar 糖类 Jgd'1'FOs  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 9} M?P  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 s/ qYa])  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 Tc`=f'pP)4  
cholesterol胆固醇 -Xm'dwm  
.P%bkD6M  
  2 、营养与饮食 /,&<6c-Q@W  
  a well-balanced diet  KD7dye  
  nutrition 营养 wX5tp1 ?1J  
  nutritional 营养的 qqr?!vem6  
J76kkW`5  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 JZ*/,|1}EC  
A_ N;   
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall yyRiP|hJ  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase =eXU@B  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; `nv~NLkl  
4.       食品安全 food safety 0g y/:T  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies FR4QUk  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to tip+q d  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ith 3 =`3  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system .4M.y:F  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care &5spTMw8  
10.   服务体系service system A st3l2Q  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene \fyRsa)  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. zH4D8@[7O  
13.   清淡的lite 6?mibvK  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet % X+:o]T  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN ~u !|qM  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 6]_pIf  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; #!qm ZN  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 7>|J8*/Nd  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; *:YiimOY"  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion EXwo,?I  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" nntuLuW  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission }~j lj  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D #`iB`|  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate \H~T>j{N  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness  ZrxD`1L  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s V>%rv'G8  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse }DE g-j,F  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to y$F'(b| )  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – #$+*;  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver ?|C2*?hZ+  
31.   血压 hypertension eRstD>r  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon He/8=$c%  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 7qLpZ/  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ eKLZt%=  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 Nk 8B_{   
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health n;Q7X>-f8`  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds qI9z;_,gNz  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations >`mVY=H i  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle cJ n=  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 l0w]`EE  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people T_ <@..C  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent SC!RbW@3  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from $q{!5-e  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 0c]/bs{}  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to \ gGW8Q;  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to NC`aP0S  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive q=m'^ ,gPS  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak "5!oi]@>(  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly hJ? O],4J  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations "ycJ:Xv49  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 4G0m\[Du  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 7`Ak) F:V  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy l0 m-$/  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances aCj&O:]=  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance n\D&!y[]F  
56.   退休养老金retirement n "| g>'wM*  
57.   医疗改革health care reform 7"x;~X  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity iB yf{I>+  
59.   月经期menstrual period S XFpjYwn  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace L}b.ulkMD  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care q!7ANib6O  
62.   安乐死euthanasia  A,<E\  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill Uz8ff  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! v$v-2y'%  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient LL|r A:  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. #q$HQ&k  
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