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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 8>!-|VSn  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 .N  Z  
  1 、医生 [yDOv Q[  
  ① doctor, medical worker >$;,1N $bd  
  ② physician 内科医生 {R5_=MG  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 9mB] \{^  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 <ua! ]~  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 w 9CX5Fg  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 #e&LyYx4  
U ]O>DM^'  
  2 、医院 4+F@BxpB  
  ① hospital "Q; Vy t  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 :<,tGYg/!  
  The general hospital 普通医院 82yfPQ&UI  
  The community hospital 社区医院 cC  TTjx{  
  The public hospital 公立医院 Ba9"IXKH  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ez[$;>  
  ② clinc 门诊 WM GiV  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 yUg'^SEbLk  
  ③ ward 病房 cp4~`X  
④ medical team 医疗队 ^[1Xl7)`  
lk4$c1ao2@  
3、 医疗手段 0D}k ^W  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 Q,R|VI6Co  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 "cDc~~3/@  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 L}>ts(!q&  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis py9`q7 F  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 6bBNC2K$-  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | h BzZJ/jn  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 h{CyYsQ  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ^fti<Lw5  
(9)              TCM 中医 (_eM:H=e>  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 #Z}YQ $g  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 4J$dG l#f  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 G[Jz(/yNH  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 sb</-']a  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 cfPQcB>A  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; !GtCOr\'  
8lF:70wia  
  4 、医疗体制 V#V<Kz  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 BU=Ta$#BZ  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 Q6fPqEX=  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 9HD5A$  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 0Yfz?: e  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 l1]'3]P(  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 tdn|mX#  
g715+5z[  
  5 、医德 zCSLV>.F  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 4m6%HV8{}[  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 }K9Ji]tOK:  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 x$6FvgP(  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 D~@lpcI  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 bdvVPjGc&  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 YG>6;g)Zm  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 @ jD#Tn-*  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people E# *`u  
D?r % Y  
  6 、病人 4j~WrdI*  
  (1 )patient BmCBC,j<v>  
  (2 )the sick  fG|+ !  
  (3 )the invalid \-I)dMm[  
  (4) sufferer d x"9jFn  
   j9 &0/ ~/  
(二)疾病 +fG~m :E  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ~)]n67Or~  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) n]bxG8~t  
  (2) contract (v ) 3H,>[&d  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 8Tm/gzx  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 hVu~[ 'Me  
d$v{oC }  
  2 、必知疾病名称 0coRar?+b  
  heart disease 心脏病 @RLlkWGc  
  hypertension 高血压 Oa -~}hN  
  kidney problem 肾病 ~Ec@hz]js  
  stroke 中风 t[x[X4  
    shock 休克 D}EH9d  
  the blood pressure 血压 p0j-$*F  
  diabetes 糖尿病 K@; ls  
  obesity 肥胖 B~/ejC!  
  terminal illness 绝症 PoRL35  
  incurable illness 不治之症 '2c4 4F)i  
  cancer 癌症 _D."KU|  
  tumor 肿瘤 9NcC.}#-5  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 e+P|PW  
  emergency case 急症 Op:7Ed T#  
  serious illness 重症 %'<m[wf^ o  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 X.<2]V7!  
  short breath 短气 J `{HMv  
  syndrome 综合症 &\s>PvnquX  
  complications 并发症 1dX)l  
  process 病程 8sxH)"S  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 6d|%8.q1  
short-sighted (adj)近视 pM7xnL4  
gSu3\keF  
  3、传染病 |&a[@(N:zf  
  (1) 感染源 L[9]Ez$2+  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介  <IL$8a  
  (2 )传染疾病 B~2\v%J  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 'HDbU#vD  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 _fQBXG2  
  infection contagion 传染病 &`4v,l^Zi6  
  infectious diseases 传染病 &-1;3+#w  
  AIDS 艾滋病 )q+9_KU q  
  SARS ^zr]#`@G  
  (3) 传染 y-c2tF@'v  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 +#!! 'XP  
  block the channel (v) lfp'D+#p {  
  disseminate 传播 * F T )`  
cross infection 交叉感染 Fv6<Cz6L  
;eRYgC  
  5 、疾病、病痛 U3yIONlt  
  illness *rk!`n&  
  sickness s~(iB{-  
  disease HjAQF?;V  
  ailment %CP:rAd`M.  
suffering $}/ !mXI5  
B^SD5  
  6 、疾病的转归 $3Ct@}=n  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 # N.(ZP  
  recover recovery bstc|8<  
  recuperate [1Yx#t  
  resume kgvB80$4  
  recruit t4H@ZvAH0  
  reinstate o0p%j4vac  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 d4#Q<!r  
  deteriorate w$cic  
  aggravate bV#U&)|  
  exasperate Xh/i5}5 t  
  make worse 6N&S3<c4JO  
  worsen T7AFL=  
   U3+{!}gn  
    7、其他相关词汇 kN4nRW9z  
  outbreak and spending FBM 73D@`  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 HN\Zrb  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 W%f:+s}cI  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 |#x;}_>7  
  taboo 禁忌 ~a[]4\ m;  
  speed up blood circulation (v) kyQ%qBv ^  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) h94SLj]  
  side effects 副反应 I72UkmK`  
complain of 主述 fv !l{  
2h V#3i  
   H(ht{.sjI  
(三)药物 z= -u89]  
  1 、药物名称 aW7{T6.,  
  medicine c h<Fi%)  
  drug fMr6ZmB  
  remedy "_ b Sy  
  medicinal herbs zh'TR$+\hO  
  power y UQ;tTI  
  tablet -vI?b#  
pill l!\C"f1o,  
:tM|$TZ  
  2 、药物用法 x{u_kepv[k  
  开药 : 2](R}  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases yw5MlZ4P=  
  write out a proscription geWis(#J  
  服药 x;LyR  
  take a medicine C/e`O|G  
  治…的疾病 &Z5$ 5,[  
a remedy for some diseases JGSeu =)  
88h-.\%Z  
3 、其他相关词汇 Es zwg  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 F {]:  
  side effects 副反应 A,M RK#1u  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 g8mVjM\B;  
  drugstore 药房  OnF +  
  over the counter 非处方药 J$&!Y[0  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 B+ GPTQSTb  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 'Y6{89y  
  prescription 处方 ZP*Hx %U  
  expenses for medicine 药费 G=!Y~qg  
  charges for medicine $WnK  
drug rebate 药品回扣 G?e,Q$  
6YrkS;_HS  
   y .S0^  
(四)心理疾病 ;38DBo  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 oj$D3  
  subhealth 亚健康 m}]"TFzoVM  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 =nA;,9%  
  psychological problem 心理问题 W )q^@6[d  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 gx4`pH;B\  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 v(FO8*5DZ  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 +=| Q'V  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 B y6:  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 xRP#}i:m  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 g!V;*[  
psychological expert 心理专家 mDvZ 1aj  
z++*,2F  
  2 、情绪词汇 *@dRL3c^=  
  overcome j?+FS`a!  
  disappoint JnmJN1@I  
  disappointed O%tlj@?  
  shy , J Q%e'  
  flush (".`#909  
  frustration tKo ^A:M  
  failure Od^y&$|_%`  
  willpower rV"<1y:g  
  optimism )mB+#T<k-  
  optimistic Zu_m $Mx  
  be sensitive to R8c1~'  
  nervous giyKEnP  
  tensional %^p1ax  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic J1 a/U@"  
  confident confidence 7cK#fh"hvg  
  stress pressure  ?2 u_E "  
  depress depressed ^p|MkB?uM  
  depression depressive & *B@qQ  
   u!k\W{  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 B$ +YK%I  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary )V!9&  
   T3@wNAAU  
(五)肥胖与营养 SWz+.W{KQ"  
  1 、营养物质 KX"?3#U#Fm  
  nutrient 营养素 ]sd|u[:k  
  protein 蛋白质 k*J}/HO  
  fat 脂肪 ]\v'1m"  
  glucose 葡萄糖 2wlrei  
  vitamin 维生素 zQ(li9  
  sugar 糖类 z;zy k  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 6m_Y%&   
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 `pn]jpW9  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 N0O8to}V  
cholesterol胆固醇 |+~CdA  
mEa\0oPGB  
  2 、营养与饮食 *Y?rls`  
  a well-balanced diet RgHPYf{  
  nutrition 营养 Sqed*  
  nutritional 营养的 N|O/3:P<,U  
beRpA;  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 MH.,dB&  
Om0Z\GP=  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall MRxzOs  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase b] DF7 U  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; U; JZN  
4.       食品安全 food safety v?,_SVgAi  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies -8-  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to w= |).qQ]  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU iOkRBi  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system |a%&7-;   
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 7;:R\d6iL  
10.   服务体系service system A vR.=o*!%  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene _Jx.?8  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. OBqaf )W  
13.   清淡的lite (2RZc].M~  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet =e=sK'NvD  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN nsIx5UA_n  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 bCHJLtDQ  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; hm*1w6 =  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease J,Du:|3o  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 48vKUAzx`  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion 3B8\r}L  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" piIj t  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission xTiC[<j  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D J5e  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 8;K'7 7h  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness HJWk%t<  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s !E"&#>r  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse VN6h:-&iY  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to *;@V5[^3I?  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – vncLB&@7  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver *gF8"0s  
31.   血压 hypertension t)o!OEnE  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon +)YU/41W  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 w 6FtDl$  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ whFaL}2C  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 $p? gai{o  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 0 ~K4vSa  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds L *",4!  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations [C_Dv- d  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle K6 D3  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 J; @g#h?  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people l@C39VP  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent mtfEK3?2*  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from fbv%&z  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to Ig b@aGA  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to Z'/sZ3Q}  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 4l)Q  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive ; <^t)8E  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak XN ZW J  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly yex4A)n9"'  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations b@9>1d$  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 7l+>WB_]  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate -%I 0Q  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy Wbra*LNU  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances pXL@&]U+  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ^j-w^)@T  
56.   退休养老金retirement n @-d0 ~.S  
57.   医疗改革health care reform ;`CNe$y   
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity 6|{$]<'  
59.   月经期menstrual period S A]x'!qa@=  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace +0&SXhy%y  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care HW,2x}[  
62.   安乐死euthanasia :f9O3QA  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill -( d,AX  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! W5#5RK"uX  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient !Eof7LUE  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. JE[+   
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