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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 QP>F *A  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ;vn0b"Fi3  
  1 、医生 XEN-V-Z%*  
  ① doctor, medical worker MM( ,D& Z  
  ② physician 内科医生 (!Xb8rV0_  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 ezri9\Ju  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 0wAB;|~*62  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 =5uhIU0O  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 3} C-Hg+gt  
!)05,6WQ  
  2 、医院 735l&(3A\  
  ① hospital yN06` =  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 GoPMWbI7  
  The general hospital 普通医院 \gv-2.,  
  The community hospital 社区医院 p0}Yo8?OW  
  The public hospital 公立医院 6j|~oMYP  
  The private hospital 私立医院 ]/AU_&  
  ② clinc 门诊 , 10+Sh  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 n7zM;@{7  
  ③ ward 病房 lLK||2d  
④ medical team 医疗队 g;:3I\ L  
+aqQa~}r  
3、 医疗手段 VW^q|B yB  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 A>(EM}\,  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 oeI[x  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 mM_ gOd  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis rxZk!- t)L  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 E;"VI2F  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | qR , 5  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 VRHS 4  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 ,eL&Ner  
(9)              TCM 中医 Cn.dv -  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 ]n$ v ^  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 BL%&n*&  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 |@?='E?h  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 v~p?YYOm<  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 O_5;?$[m  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; DnN+W  
qc.9GC  
  4 、医疗体制 SO~pe$c-  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 IEfm>N-]  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 6S(`Bw8h  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 M2.*]AL  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 ~\%H0.P6  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 bf\ Uq<&IJ  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 J.0&gP V  
>q&e.-qL  
  5 、医德 #O'g*]j  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 QKoJxjR=^  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 mrVN&.  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 ~Oi.bP<,  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 \o w(4O#  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的  yT(86#st  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Zj nWbnW  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ork{a.1-_w  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people X,K`]hb*0_  
Q2!RFtXV  
  6 、病人 n|PW^kOE/  
  (1 )patient E7] a#  
  (2 )the sick `oE.$~'  
  (3 )the invalid Ba n^wX  
  (4) sufferer X`I=Z ysB  
   %@;xbKj  
(二)疾病 NV`7VYU  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 1rh2!4)7  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) &hzr(v~;  
  (2) contract (v ) C,{ Ekbg  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 H]Gj$P=k  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 ,9 .NMFn  
PC)V".W 1  
  2 、必知疾病名称 Aac7k m  
  heart disease 心脏病 =&vRT;6  
  hypertension 高血压 Uz7V2r%]  
  kidney problem 肾病 .O9Pn,:  
  stroke 中风 v<?k$ e5  
    shock 休克 8noo^QO  
  the blood pressure 血压 JRw)~Tg @  
  diabetes 糖尿病 N3Z6o.k  
  obesity 肥胖 R"QWap}  
  terminal illness 绝症 $`/F5R!  
  incurable illness 不治之症 4n.EA,:g:(  
  cancer 癌症 `I5So-^&z  
  tumor 肿瘤 Vj_z"t7q  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 6;}FZ  
  emergency case 急症 kn6X I*  
  serious illness 重症 &4Y@-;REt  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 F#7A6|  
  short breath 短气 )<%IY& \  
  syndrome 综合症 ~g;lVj,N'  
  complications 并发症 1=Q3WMT  
  process 病程 M Y>o8A  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 ixo?o]Xb`  
short-sighted (adj)近视 %|By ?i  
d##'0yg   
  3、传染病 /;r k -I  
  (1) 感染源 pkEqd"G  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 *'ex>4^  
  (2 )传染疾病 ] _P!+5]<  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 O8WL ulo  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 o_ SR  
  infection contagion 传染病 fk:oCPo  
  infectious diseases 传染病 0%<x>O  
  AIDS 艾滋病 /YH5s=  
  SARS *ZA.O  
  (3) 传染 A{b?ZT~2]  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Z,m;eCLG]  
  block the channel (v) 9DP6g<>B  
  disseminate 传播 fu?Y'Qet  
cross infection 交叉感染 Z2u5n`K  
Td>Lp=0rU  
  5 、疾病、病痛 r(QjVLjj`k  
  illness SB' $?Kh  
  sickness OTe0[p6v  
  disease @I^LmB 9*  
  ailment L z'05j3!  
suffering (lY< \l  
~&Gw[Nd1  
  6 、疾病的转归 b:uMO N,H  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 2_]"9d4  
  recover recovery ~L.)<{?  
  recuperate C!8XFf8e  
  resume LMmW3W`   
  recruit r!vSYgee  
  reinstate ^gpswhp 5  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 0oFRcU  
  deteriorate F(i@Gm=J]  
  aggravate Wl:vO^  
  exasperate 7VdG6`TDR  
  make worse (Wu_RXfCw_  
  worsen W c"f  
   SBY  
    7、其他相关词汇 \*0ow`|K  
  outbreak and spending a0oM KGW:  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 0b0.xz\~U  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 7Xu.z9y  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 4Y[uqn[  
  taboo 禁忌 `eat7O  
  speed up blood circulation (v) j`Xe0U<  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) mRT`'f xK  
  side effects 副反应 MH+t`/E0]  
complain of 主述 ugtb`d{ Sl  
 'mz _JM  
   S"iz fQ@  
(三)药物 {]aB3  
  1 、药物名称 C~.7m-YW  
  medicine 5sD\4g)HK  
  drug !biq7f%6#  
  remedy iD)R*vnAi  
  medicinal herbs e 'I13)  
  power 2G'Au}q0n  
  tablet aO9a G*9T  
pill *7'}"@@  
1k2+eI  
  2 、药物用法 kETu@la}  
  开药 : iEG`+h'  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases }| BnG"8  
  write out a proscription 0s"g%gq|  
  服药 n%lY7.z8d  
  take a medicine io_4d2uBh  
  治…的疾病 Cf'O*RFD  
a remedy for some diseases gw0b>E8gZ&  
LEoL6ga  
3 、其他相关词汇 \e%H5W x  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 W8:?y*6  
  side effects 副反应 SG1fu<Q6J  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 ^lCys  
  drugstore 药房 kK2x';21  
  over the counter 非处方药 +5Yf9  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 -7:J#T/\  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 JTw\5j  
  prescription 处方 LMchNTL  
  expenses for medicine 药费 %xE\IRlR  
  charges for medicine .!T]sX_P  
drug rebate 药品回扣 P+!j[X^  
DN )Ehd.  
   zG|}| //}  
(四)心理疾病 \; Io  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 CN6@g^)P  
  subhealth 亚健康 ^;0.P)yGA  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ; ]GSVv:  
  psychological problem 心理问题 V3O<l}ak  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 d&n&_>  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 ]*a3J45  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 V3&_ST  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 fMaUIJ:Q9  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 Ie(vTP1Cj  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 oTj9/r  
psychological expert 心理专家 P#5&D*`}h  
zCxr]md  
  2 、情绪词汇 Iuk!A?XV  
  overcome :K{!@=o  
  disappoint tPh``o  
  disappointed yD|H e*$S  
  shy , EAYx+zI  
  flush I_s4Pf[l  
  frustration Jwzkd"D  
  failure K@u\^6419  
  willpower $CXKeWS=Q.  
  optimism NMYkEz(&R  
  optimistic NLZTIZCK  
  be sensitive to kWs"v6B  
  nervous ^i}*$ZC72  
  tensional O 4xV "\  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic 6A$ \I44  
  confident confidence Q$_S/d%*  
  stress pressure *G)=6\  
  depress depressed /I@nPH <y  
  depression depressive =bm<>h7.)  
   |/B2Bm  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 FL -yt  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary VY }?Nb<&  
   =sVB.P  
(五)肥胖与营养 p7y8/m\6  
  1 、营养物质 PfKIaW<  
  nutrient 营养素 *3_@#Uu7  
  protein 蛋白质 "_Wv,CYmNr  
  fat 脂肪 ! Ff/RRo  
  glucose 葡萄糖  )L}6to  
  vitamin 维生素 &sJZSrk|  
  sugar 糖类 Y> }[c   
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 zX+NhT TB  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Z>GqLq\`ed  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 %<cfjo  
cholesterol胆固醇 (gd+-o4  
D;% (Z!  
  2 、营养与饮食 ]=T`8)_r)  
  a well-balanced diet DpG|Kl|d  
  nutrition 营养 w-9FF%@<  
  nutritional 营养的 no_(J>p^&  
v`i9LD0(  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 biZwxP3  
E3X6-J|  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 34lt?6 %j  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase /(#;(]  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; . e' vc  
4.       食品安全 food safety ]F:5-[V#  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies (7 i@ @  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to *$uj)*5,  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU iQryX(z  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system SM3Q29XIw  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care S%ULGX:@ga  
10.   服务体系service system A -8;@NAUa  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene rdK=f<I]  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 0OJBC~?{\  
13.   清淡的lite lCmT m  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet :q6j{C(  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN !)1r{u  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 G&i<&.i  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; m0XdIC]s  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease Y*!J +A#  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; {9(#X]'  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion mj\]oWS7d  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" _M.7%k/U8  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission |etA2"r&  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D 6I,^4U  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate tbbZGyg5b  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness N7/eF9  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s ZaxBr  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse \F_~?$  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to >lZ9Y{Y4v  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – \>}G|yL  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver x'Uv;mGo  
31.   血压 hypertension %bs6Uy5g)a  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon `tmd'  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ``l7|b jJ  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ zR)9]pJ-  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 3vs;ZBM  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health .W>LsEk  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds HvhP9_MB  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations ~Q  q0  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle Kwc~\k  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 N{6 - rR  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people (<|NerwD  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent |&O7F;/_  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from Xbm\"g \  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to +YS0yTWeX  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to LV$@J  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to 5~AK+6Za  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive JqX+vRY;dd  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak /wF*@/PTH  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly Uc j eB  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations .?C-J  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon . fZ*N/  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 8SJi~gV  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy b+Ly%&  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances #M9rt ~4  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ]!v:xjzT  
56.   退休养老金retirement n z?9vbx  
57.   医疗改革health care reform F_Pv\?35z  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity U{^~X_?  
59.   月经期menstrual period S v6Vd V.BI  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace s]tBd !~  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care `pB]_"b  
62.   安乐死euthanasia s]D&):  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill W,\LdQ  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! Qxw?D4/Y  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient D^R=  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. f{m,?[1C,  
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