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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 ;^8^L'7cr  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 %Z5k8  
  1 、医生 q(p0#Mk,E  
  ① doctor, medical worker 7Y*m_AhxJ  
  ② physician 内科医生 x[^A 9  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 #f~a\}$I  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 M>J ADt_]  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 v(7A=/W_  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 dGteYt_F  
n1/lE)  
  2 、医院 @!'H'GvA  
  ① hospital $B?7u@>,  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 `^ _:  
  The general hospital 普通医院 |YFD|  
  The community hospital 社区医院 ` ;=Se_  
  The public hospital 公立医院 oX4uRc7wR  
  The private hospital 私立医院 /a|NGh%  
  ② clinc 门诊 e`Yns$x  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 ZO 1J";>u  
  ③ ward 病房 y4L9Cxvs  
④ medical team 医疗队 "'#Hh&Us  
_D4}[`  
3、 医疗手段 @#tSx  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 G]1pGA;  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 s- V$N  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 ECzNByP  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis /,UkT*+>!  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 ;#i$0~lRl  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | xlO2jSSAt  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 A%2}?Ds  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 OP}p;(  
(9)              TCM 中医 Y7)@(7G)\  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 " G6j UTt  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 ItPK  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 ZG<!^tj  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查  ]:fCyIE  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Z|% 2495\  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; Sg>0P*K@  
j]"xck  
  4 、医疗体制 o~&!M_ED  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 \q'fB?bS^  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 3og$'#6P  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 wP0+Xv,  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 jsd]7C  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系  :$c:3~  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金  ca*[n~np  
8 {]Gh 0+  
  5 、医德 rOb"S*  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 AWXpA1(  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 n o+tVm|  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 :;;WK~* #  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 W d56B+  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 65#:2,s  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 yL x .#kx6  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ,]_(-tyN|  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people 0/@ X!|X  
tK}p05nPhl  
  6 、病人 56S S >b  
  (1 )patient w1@b5 -  
  (2 )the sick 6mpg&'>  
  (3 )the invalid uV}WSoq[  
  (4) sufferer _OU.JrqC  
   .A7tq  
(二)疾病 =ch Af=  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 1m<?Q&| m$  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) YG 5Z8@kH  
  (2) contract (v ) Jhsv2,8 {  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 Wd` QpW  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 cP@F #!2  
YP#AB]2\}  
  2 、必知疾病名称 (ND5CKCR^  
  heart disease 心脏病 >PJtG]D  
  hypertension 高血压 '`]n_$f'  
  kidney problem 肾病 Bq~hV;9nf  
  stroke 中风 {nQ)4.e6  
    shock 休克 J(EaE2  
  the blood pressure 血压 A!ioji+{[  
  diabetes 糖尿病 5&<d2EG6l'  
  obesity 肥胖 833 %H`jQc  
  terminal illness 绝症 fEj9R@u+h  
  incurable illness 不治之症 k~1 j/VHv  
  cancer 癌症 j(%gMVu  
  tumor 肿瘤 OHHNWg_5  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 xz"Z3B  
  emergency case 急症 b$?Xn{Y  
  serious illness 重症 b$v[@"1  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 i!Dh &XT  
  short breath 短气 -7I1Lh#M  
  syndrome 综合症 [;?"R-V"z  
  complications 并发症 A,m4WO_q3  
  process 病程 6wb^*dD92  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 =de<WoKnu2  
short-sighted (adj)近视 1KTabj/C  
9Qzjqq:"Li  
  3、传染病 3:[!t%Yb  
  (1) 感染源 ptV4s=G2  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 \}$*}gW[}  
  (2 )传染疾病 ~~C6)N~1  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 "_K}rI6(t  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 3yTQ  
  infection contagion 传染病 j|VXC(6 P,  
  infectious diseases 传染病 gB]C&Q  
  AIDS 艾滋病 jrm0@K+<IA  
  SARS 44|deE3Z   
  (3) 传染 Ln ~4mN^  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 IWAj Mwo  
  block the channel (v) zzX<?6MS  
  disseminate 传播 'sj9[o@]  
cross infection 交叉感染 /^w"' '  
Ns'FH(:  
  5 、疾病、病痛 hIR@^\?  
  illness A? e,U,  
  sickness GGCqtA^@7d  
  disease FyCBN tCv  
  ailment vx'l> @]k  
suffering Q}=fVY  
xXOR IlD  
  6 、疾病的转归 9*' &5F=  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 u[)_^kIE(n  
  recover recovery V]Sgx00;  
  recuperate ]*0(-@  
  resume _0K.Fk*(!  
  recruit (}G!np  
  reinstate k=e`*LB\  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 *m*`}9  
  deteriorate YNI;h% w  
  aggravate yX`#s]M  
  exasperate w^3|(F  
  make worse xpAok]  
  worsen {#N%Bq}  
   )T9~8p.  
    7、其他相关词汇 sds}bo  
  outbreak and spending 7#ofNH J  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 K U $`!h  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 88+ =F XG  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 B[CA 5Ry  
  taboo 禁忌 $C u R}g  
  speed up blood circulation (v) `kFiH*5%z  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) \9w~pO  
  side effects 副反应 "kU]  
complain of 主述 ~ ltg  
%&h c"7/k  
   QjJfE<h  
(三)药物 l[oe*aYN7  
  1 、药物名称 P 6.!3%y  
  medicine 6J\fF tB@V  
  drug >'b=YlUL  
  remedy &?y7I Pp  
  medicinal herbs {~'H  
  power bY)#v?  
  tablet FY4T(4#  
pill : y1Bt+Fp  
Z7z]2v3}c  
  2 、药物用法 2"X~ju  
  开药 : I3(d<+M  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases to`mnp9Z  
  write out a proscription KmmQ,e%  
  服药 6pp$-uS  
  take a medicine v+6e;xl8  
  治…的疾病 DpvrMI~I_  
a remedy for some diseases w7 *V^B  
Q4Q pn  
3 、其他相关词汇 WbcS: !0  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 RB$ z]/=  
  side effects 副反应 y}"7e)|t%  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 x)oRSsv!Tr  
  drugstore 药房 9 <\`nm  
  over the counter 非处方药 3i=Iu0  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 !0" nx{7.  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 NBOCt)C;H  
  prescription 处方 VaR/o#  
  expenses for medicine 药费 .zkP~xQ~  
  charges for medicine k\aK?(.RC7  
drug rebate 药品回扣 i zwUS!5e  
 f^b K=#  
   3WUH~l{UJ  
(四)心理疾病 2*1ft>Uty  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 75NRCXh.  
  subhealth 亚健康 e.vtEQV9  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 : ]II-$/8  
  psychological problem 心理问题 qLK?%?.N<  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 $/Ov2z  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 eUBrzoCO  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 ,hRN\Kt)p  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 !#N\ b  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 ;rHO&(h-  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 :dnJY%/q  
psychological expert 心理专家 VaLs`q&3>  
+%0z`E\?M#  
  2 、情绪词汇 HdX2YPYn;  
  overcome D4u% 6R|F  
  disappoint X#p Wyo~  
  disappointed 1hmc,c  
  shy , \RG!@$i  
  flush v~)LO2y   
  frustration /-M@[p&  
  failure : d,^I@]  
  willpower 5iX! lAFJ  
  optimism 7 hw .B'7  
  optimistic K[?Xm"4  
  be sensitive to #JW+~FU`  
  nervous Ud(`V:d  
  tensional ; H0{CkH  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic &#w=7L3AW  
  confident confidence KY9n2u&4  
  stress pressure ,H kj1x  
  depress depressed #f,y&\Xmf  
  depression depressive zu\`1W^  
   HIvZQQW|  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 ~Ci{3j :]  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary  #ToK$8  
   ^TdZ*($5  
(五)肥胖与营养 R^&q-M=O[  
  1 、营养物质 YK#fa2ng  
  nutrient 营养素 bn9;7`>.  
  protein 蛋白质 :!TI K1  
  fat 脂肪 ]$iqa"{  
  glucose 葡萄糖 YA]5~ ZE\  
  vitamin 维生素 _8?o'<!8?^  
  sugar 糖类 P ,mN >  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量  # TkR  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 :D:DnVZ-[@  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 e]8,:Gd(  
cholesterol胆固醇 rRF AD{5)  
kL*0M<0 (  
  2 、营养与饮食 Q / x8 #X  
  a well-balanced diet 4_?7&G0(  
  nutrition 营养 i b6^x:HGU  
  nutritional 营养的 clO,}Ph>  
cI0 ]}S  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 .p` pG3  
Rd*[ %)  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall vG41Ck1  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase V&{MQWy  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; #o`Ny4sq/  
4.       食品安全 food safety %q 3$|>  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies i^`9syD  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to ~l[r a   
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU <U Zd;e@  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system v-j3bB  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care [tT8_}v$LN  
10.   服务体系service system A L71!J0@a#  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene A;XOT6jv?  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. [IZM.r`Z  
13.   清淡的lite m|tC24  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet j V3)2C}  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN b&) 5:&MI  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 {2d_"lHBt  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; &n2e  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease 8TV;Rtl  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; .1 )RW5|c  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion Ol /\t  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" )EM7,xMz  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission ,Z9>h[JF  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D RrrK*Fk8=  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate < E|s\u  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness -F/st  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s Ue:z1p;g  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse g:ErZ;[  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 5E\#%K[  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – B1 0+*p(  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver I`RBj`IF  
31.   血压 hypertension or*HC&c7  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon :t$aN|>y  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 h&@R| N  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ Y$8JM  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 \$*$='6"  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health S&jesG-F  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Fig&&b a  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations O%!5<8Xrb  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle :VmHfOO  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 6 &U+6gb  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people /(C~~XP )  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent d^ ZMS~\*  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from lb' Cl3H  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to 2 -!L _W(  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to h( QYxI,|  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to =dP{Gh  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive TB6m0qX(  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 7YWNd^FI V  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly 2i#Sn'1  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations wt }9B[  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon L}{`h  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate {.e=qQ%P5)  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy JMBK{JK>  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances o@>? *=  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance 5 +9 Ze9  
56.   退休养老金retirement n c/W=$3  
57.   医疗改革health care reform jZfx Jm  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity Ft{[ae?4  
59.   月经期menstrual period S Doze8pn  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace ("7M b{  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care i?;r7>  
62.   安乐死euthanasia mo]KCi  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill 1,y&d}GW  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ]bCq =6ZKR  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient '$|UwT`s  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. [jx0-3s:X  
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