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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 >N8*O3  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 ;?.w!|6  
  1 、医生 3*!w c.=  
  ① doctor, medical worker (,OF<<OH  
  ② physician 内科医生 pRH'>}rtuH  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 T3,}CK#O   
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 :hFKmoy#  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 w:c9Z=KX  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 ~>B`T%=H  
6'45c1e   
  2 、医院 iph}!3f  
  ① hospital !yo@i_1D  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 kY^ k*-v  
  The general hospital 普通医院 L6Io u  
  The community hospital 社区医院 pj#ls  
  The public hospital 公立医院 EFn[[<&><t  
  The private hospital 私立医院 vo>i36  
  ② clinc 门诊 2KtK.2;7  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 +=K =B  
  ③ ward 病房 i !;9A6D  
④ medical team 医疗队 ]\m >N]P]  
bCqTubbx!t  
3、 医疗手段 5 BLAa 1  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 ,Q<mU4  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 B *%ey?  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 0n}v"61q  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis cn: L]%<  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 Y#QXvo%  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | YSrjg|k*  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 ""A6n{4  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 n?;h-KKO:  
(9)              TCM 中医  0SQrz$y  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 F ^Bk  @  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 K|Eelhm  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 N0%q 66]1  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 n RvaCAt^  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 tW a'[2L  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; C`R<55x6  
wX$|(Y }  
  4 、医疗体制 I{h KN V  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 F]t=5 -O<  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 g)R2V  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 9g\;L:'  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 plp-[eKcD  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系  "iR:KW@  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 a#k7 aOT0  
e`:^7$  
  5 、医德 YWs?2I  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 k'k}/Hxub  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 K yy VO"  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 ) P>/g*  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 R7U%v"F>`  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 (^(l=EN-<  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 M9afg$;.xe  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 Q4hY\\Hi  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people q2s0g*z  
7RWgc]@?>  
  6 、病人 s5rD+g]E`  
  (1 )patient 'A^q)hpax  
  (2 )the sick NPS*0y/  
  (3 )the invalid 92t.@!m`  
  (4) sufferer ,oh;(|=  
   M;,$ )>P  
(二)疾病 D4,>g )B  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 PkI+z_  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) )-emSV0zE  
  (2) contract (v ) 2jC`'8  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 !& >`  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 J-Tiw l  
#MlpOk*G  
  2 、必知疾病名称 ~bx ev/$d  
  heart disease 心脏病 jT =|!,Pn  
  hypertension 高血压 iGu%_ -S  
  kidney problem 肾病 >>,G3/Zd*  
  stroke 中风 M @{#yEP  
    shock 休克 #$- E5R;x  
  the blood pressure 血压 Leb|YX  
  diabetes 糖尿病 T1 $E][@Iv  
  obesity 肥胖 =I546($  
  terminal illness 绝症 xdm\[s  
  incurable illness 不治之症 0^gY4qx[u  
  cancer 癌症 ^]nLE]M  
  tumor 肿瘤 3@Mh* \;\b  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 tLTavE[@  
  emergency case 急症 GQn:lu3j:  
  serious illness 重症 WC`h+SC`.  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 'R79,)|;[  
  short breath 短气 "mW'tm1+  
  syndrome 综合症 I[Lg0H8  
  complications 并发症 &,k!,<IF  
  process 病程 p)yP_P  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 B#Ybdp ;  
short-sighted (adj)近视 F nA Kfh(  
lx%c&~.DiB  
  3、传染病 q`'f /CS  
  (1) 感染源 M?eP1v:<+G  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 WzN c=@[W  
  (2 )传染疾病 T>& q8'lD  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 G<$ :[ +w  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 8(% F{&<;  
  infection contagion 传染病 rUb{iU;~m  
  infectious diseases 传染病 0+FPAqX  
  AIDS 艾滋病 ;{sZDjev>  
  SARS BV~J*e  
  (3) 传染 MeEa|.  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 Dt: Q$  
  block the channel (v) avRtYL  
  disseminate 传播 Vke<; k-  
cross infection 交叉感染 1&=)Bxg4  
t{]Ew4Y4%O  
  5 、疾病、病痛 VhUWws3E  
  illness \)~d,M}kK  
  sickness gZ,h9 5'  
  disease MYS`@%ZV#k  
  ailment og}Ri!^  
suffering P8z%*/ 3NF  
> < YU'>%  
  6 、疾病的转归 q5(t2nNb  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 )UKX\nD"0  
  recover recovery 7}X1A!1  
  recuperate b)d;eS  
  resume z\]Z/Bz:6  
  recruit HOP*QX8C%  
  reinstate w|9 >4  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 6gV*G  
  deteriorate &b} \).5E  
  aggravate ~[ufL25K  
  exasperate e|]e\Or>  
  make worse nI*.(+h  
  worsen (7Z+De?  
   2l<2srEK  
    7、其他相关词汇 /$c87\  
  outbreak and spending u} ot-!}Q  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 ) D@j6r  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 ;,f\Wf"BW  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 #PkuCWm6  
  taboo 禁忌 "-Q+!byh  
  speed up blood circulation (v) xo[o^go  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) $mQ0w~:@  
  side effects 副反应 *] i hc u  
complain of 主述 \&Yn)|!  
_**Nlp*%  
   `c  
(三)药物 F&B\ X  
  1 、药物名称 CHgip&(.F  
  medicine i~';1 .g  
  drug 'PF>#X''  
  remedy $.`o  
  medicinal herbs ofy"SM  
  power p<fCGU  
  tablet RjW wsC~B  
pill ]+D@E2E  
f[o~d`z  
  2 、药物用法 'z$N{p40m  
  开药 : $TIeeTB  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases @v)Z>xv  
  write out a proscription }5 rR^ryA  
  服药 f?5>V   
  take a medicine TQ"XjbhU;X  
  治…的疾病 82LE9<4A  
a remedy for some diseases S=qh7ML  
uxfh?gsL  
3 、其他相关词汇 iH(7.?.r  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 SXL3>-Z E  
  side effects 副反应 '@{:Fr G*U  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 Ju+3}  
  drugstore 药房 #UM,)bH  
  over the counter 非处方药  [Sm<X  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 =KPmZ,/w  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 %-n) L  
  prescription 处方 3%POTAw%  
  expenses for medicine 药费 ~5HkDtI)  
  charges for medicine 'va[)~!  
drug rebate 药品回扣 rL5=8l  
v-8>@s jy8  
   x1gS^9MqCB  
(四)心理疾病 H{}&|;0  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 $LXa]  
  subhealth 亚健康 8Ths"zwn  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ?mH=3 :~  
  psychological problem 心理问题 ,3:f4e\<  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 +5y^c |L0  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 A]bb*a1  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 7 A0?tG  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 v H HgZ  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 -zK>{)Z=q  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 @<W` w  
psychological expert 心理专家 m>uG{4<-  
*;Kp"j  
  2 、情绪词汇 J&6p/'UPZ  
  overcome 0AM_D >fH  
  disappoint +yL;?+s>=  
  disappointed Yn?beu'  
  shy , u 7e$Mq  
  flush CPZ{  
  frustration ~(GvjB/C8  
  failure j~'.XD={  
  willpower "ku[b\W  
  optimism ~gX1n9_n  
  optimistic ?8 }pZ_j  
  be sensitive to SS/vw%  
  nervous !gI0"p?  
  tensional M7BpOmK'  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic NVzo)C8kb  
  confident confidence 8L[+$g`  
  stress pressure E$%v);u  
  depress depressed mAlG }<  
  depression depressive Mnranhe>G  
   i&DbZ=n2  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 {/no YB<;  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary kw59`z Es  
   _4oAk @ A  
(五)肥胖与营养 :uYZ1O  
  1 、营养物质 M[I=N  
  nutrient 营养素 @. sn  
  protein 蛋白质 X&[Zk5DU*  
  fat 脂肪 kO)Y|zQ  
  glucose 葡萄糖 7fq Q  
  vitamin 维生素 Q7y' 0s  
  sugar 糖类 M XW1 :  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 +aOev kY]  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 Um/l{:S   
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 aUL7 ]'q}  
cholesterol胆固醇 E$lbm>jsb$  
l4DBGZB  
  2 、营养与饮食 L%H\|> k`  
  a well-balanced diet & *tL)qKDc  
  nutrition 营养 f5//?ek  
  nutritional 营养的 aMu6{u6  
iUz?mt;k  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 9'(^ Coq  
~5Fx[q  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall Wx}-H/t'2  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase Qz=e'H  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; v,opyTwG|  
4.       食品安全 food safety O!>#q4&]  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies e 6wevK\  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to 0++RxYFCL  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ) YB'W_  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system E6R\ DM  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care 4,@jSr|I3i  
10.   服务体系service system A !pj&h0CR  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene L_ T+KaQCH  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. :CqR1_ n%  
13.   清淡的lite kXdXyq  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet }@.@k6`n  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN Dy5&-yk  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 IJ5'n  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; QeT~s5 H  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease _9"ZMUZ{  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; cxQ %tL+S&  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion daCkjDGl\  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" %qqCpg4  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission /F^ Jn_  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D K}N~KDW R|  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate Ya~ Th)'>q  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness uMm`j?Y23q  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s %p7onwKq0  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse YHY*dk*|C  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to DGTE#?'(  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – 74NL)|M  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver InRRcn(  
31.   血压 hypertension 2^=.f?_YR  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon ;P}007;  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 sEKF  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ ^Nds@MR{8'  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 4Wvefq"  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 9:3`LY3wW  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds 0dsL%G~/N  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations lSoAw-@At8  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle OXl0R{4  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 S|KUh|=Q  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people uK# 2vgT  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent M(C$SB>  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from Gr}NgyT<!D  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to A42!%>PB  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to ] M#LB&Pe  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to |#BN!kc  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive L&=r-\.ev  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 9s7TLT k  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly I#]pk!  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations >Y\?v-^~;  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon +~P_o_M  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate 0`v-pL0|  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy X(.[rC>  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances "j_cI-@6  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance SjF(;0k C  
56.   退休养老金retirement n <dVJV?i;  
57.   医疗改革health care reform W4P+?c>'2  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity `PI*\t0  
59.   月经期menstrual period S 2AMb-&po&f  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace \L}7.fkb8  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care 9KJ}A i  
62.   安乐死euthanasia Z.x]6  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill LCzeE7x  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! 9:=:P>  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient m],.w M8  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. E'6/@xM  
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