英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 3UQ;X**F
S十V主谓结构 2hQ>:
S十V十F主系表结构 &0(
S十V十O主谓宾结构 FEW_bP/4
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 TdGnf
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 #\ n8M
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 &o97u4xi
五个基本句式详细解释如下: RxN,^!OV
1.S十V句式 v\"S
Gc
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: qTo-pAG`
He runs quickly. n?urE-_
他跑得快。 )){9&5,0:
They listened carefully. \7
NpT}dj
他们听得很仔细。 [kgdv6E
He suffered from cold and hunger. la?Wnw
他挨冻受饿。
$4T2z-
China belongs to the third world country. LJTQaItdqJ
中国属于第三世界国家。 V@QK
The gas has given out. 'vaLUy9]
煤气用完了。 rzI|?QaPi
My ink has run out. @(i!YL
我的钢笔水用完了。 AVU>+[.=%c
2.S十V十P句式 EmT`YNuc
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: n7YEG-J
He is older than he looks. xN@Pz)yo
他比看上去要老。 c$QX)V
He seen interested in the book. FHPXu59u
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 <x),
,a=X
The story sounds interesting. D*Q.G8(
这个故事听起来有趣。 6k/U3&R
The desk feels hard. ?<yM7O,4
书桌摸起来很硬。 ;|cTHGxbE
The cake tastes nice. Wi}FY }f
饼尝起来很香。 TV}}dw
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. m%8qZzqk
花闻起来香甜。 VNtPKtx\
You have grown taller than before. S-nlr@w8
你长得比以前高了。 9=/N|m8.
He has suddenly fallen ill. KZBrE$@%5
他突然病倒了。 ._96*r=o
He stood quite still. ag4`n:1
他静静地站看。 OlQ,Ce
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Ut)r&?
他长大后当了教师。 oAZh~~tp
He could never turn traitor to his country. VRW]a
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 qUF1XJZ}z
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: GW2')}g
He looked me up and down. u.|~$yP.!
他上下打量我。 })IO#,
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. r++i=SQax
他伸出手来摸象。 L6i|:D32p
They are tasting the fish. ~
-F?Mc
他们在品尝鱼。 )-/gLZsx
They grow rice in their home town. G7* h{nE
他们在家乡种水稻。 !@
YXZ
He's got a chair to sit on. K.SeK3(
他有椅子坐。 }+Vv0jX|V
Please turn the sentence into English. w9#R'
请把这个句于泽成英语。 qA/bg
3.S十V十O句式 |[cdri^?D
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 3#<*k>1G?
I saw a film yesterday. QlW=_Ymv{
我昨天看了一部电影。 b5e@oIK
Have you read the story? I*1S/o_xI
你读过这个故事吗? Ws49ImCB
They found their home easily. 9|!j4DS<
他们很容易找到他们的家。 vg8O]
YF
They built a house last year. dA#{Cn;
他们去年建了一所房子。 `%E9xcD%
They've put up a factory in the village. S>ugRasZ$
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 H|+tC=]4IZ
They have taken good care of the children. e!o(g&wBj
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 YlUpASW
You should look after your children well. #Mi|IwL
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 >x'bZ]gm
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 M@^U0
?
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: KP~-$NR
He gave me a book/a book to me. J`Oy .Qu)
他给我一本书。 w4:<fnOM
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. J#7(]!;F
他带给我一枝钢笔。 +?e}<#vd'?
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. jpO38H0)
他把座位让给我。 Mj~${vj
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: HP$K.a7H
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. Jf+7"![|
妈妈给我买了一本书。
~R!gJTO9
He got me a chair/a chair for me. Bz]J=g7
他给我弄了一把椅子。 Ve14rn
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. h[l{ 5Z*
请帮我一下。 ALR:MAXwC
He asked me a question/a question of me. p}8ratmN
他问我个问题。 s
,
-*q}
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 3o7xN=N
They robbed the old man of his money. #KJZR{
他们抢了老人的钱。 M,L@k
He's warned me of the danger. i;HH !
TaN
他警告我注意危险。 *eoq=,O
The doctor has cured him of his disease. {Pvr??"r
医生治好了他的病。 Nz @8
We must rid the house of th erats. x9\J1\
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 A[RN-R,
They deprived him of his right to speak. b.(XS?4o
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 Dtt\~m;AR
5.S十V十O十C句式 \#_@qHAG
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 Fi k@hu
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 a}GAB@YI
They made the girl angry. YRu%j4Tx
他们使这个女孩生气了。 H>Sf[8w)%
They found her happy that day. 67,3i~
他们发现那天她很高兴。 ^s.oZj
q
I found him out. A<;0L . J
我发现他出去了。 V!}L<cN
I saw him in. ;HT0w_,
我见他在家。 [5-!d!a|st
They saw a foot mark in the sand. v6KL93
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 0vcET(
They named the boy Charlie. % M+s{ l
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 w4`!Te
I saw him come in and go out. 7ia"u+Y
我见他进来又出去。 h
F Dze
They felt the car moving fast. Age-AJ
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 wiKCr/
I heard the glass broken just now. # e$\~c Pd
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 YlG;A\]k
He found the doctor of study closed to him. .!!79 6hS
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。