英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: jc>B^mqx
S十V主谓结构 W>{&"
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S十V十F主系表结构 (C`nBiL<
S十V十O主谓宾结构 (<OmYnm
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 *j1Skd.#At
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 TOP,]N/F
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说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 _Y6Ezh.
五个基本句式详细解释如下: fD_3lbiL(
1.S十V句式 oz3!%'
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: $'#}f?
He runs quickly. 7n;a_Z0s$
他跑得快。 -biw
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They listened carefully. _m#TL60m
他们听得很仔细。 BTA2['
He suffered from cold and hunger. [5b[ztN%
他挨冻受饿。 @JP6F[d
China belongs to the third world country. !([ v=O#
中国属于第三世界国家。 C<^
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The gas has given out. cZWW[i
煤气用完了。 dj 6Lf
My ink has run out. 5rA>2<\pQ
我的钢笔水用完了。 \IR$~
2.S十V十P句式 pFo,@M
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
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He is older than he looks. sJg3WN
他比看上去要老。 EScy!p\*
He seen interested in the book. *9r 32]i;
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 r9-)+R
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The story sounds interesting. 9<Th: t|w
这个故事听起来有趣。 % <%r
The desk feels hard. ~;wR}s<}(
书桌摸起来很硬。 MF::At[4
The cake tastes nice. ]b^bc2:
饼尝起来很香。 \]L ha
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 3ZYrNul"
花闻起来香甜。 @oMl^UYM=
You have grown taller than before. Nn5sD3z#
你长得比以前高了。 Sa6YqOel@
He has suddenly fallen ill. JCITIjD7=
他突然病倒了。 qJj5_
He stood quite still. p*Hf<)}
他静静地站看。 ). HnK
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. Y3luU&'
他长大后当了教师。 mw=keY9]
He could never turn traitor to his country. ?vP}#N!=d
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 \88IFE
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: T:udw
He looked me up and down. SjU0Xb)[
他上下打量我。 a^9}ceu?
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. !2]G.|5/A
他伸出手来摸象。 Cx`?}A\%
They are tasting the fish. }Q>??~mVl
他们在品尝鱼。 _&F*4t!
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They grow rice in their home town. sX=_|<[
他们在家乡种水稻。 xV5eKV
He's got a chair to sit on. <F5x}i~(C
他有椅子坐。 q%}54E80
Please turn the sentence into English. @X0$X+]E*8
请把这个句于泽成英语。 *ps")?tlC
3.S十V十O句式
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: x-s]3'!L
I saw a film yesterday. QW}N,j$
我昨天看了一部电影。 &r!*Y&
Have you read the story? OLxiY r
你读过这个故事吗? k:kx=K5=4
They found their home easily. Ea[K$NC)#
他们很容易找到他们的家。 GbZqLZ0
They built a house last year. '>5W`lZ
他们去年建了一所房子。 @phb5
They've put up a factory in the village. Ucz`^}+
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 2p|[yZ
They have taken good care of the children. ojZvgF
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 72 >/@
You should look after your children well. VKp4FiI6
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 MHkTN
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 p+bT{:
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: Qyoly"b@
He gave me a book/a book to me. 9.qjEe
他给我一本书。 xA>O4SD
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. H"A|Z6y$^
他带给我一枝钢笔。 >|22%YVX
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. eE/E#W8
他把座位让给我。 2-*zevPiG=
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ~4fjFo&