英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: Vyq#p9Q
S十V主谓结构 (N*<\6kr
S十V十F主系表结构 u>t|X}JH
S十V十O主谓宾结构 z)ft3(!
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 4Wi8$
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 yBPt%EF
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 E~<(i':
五个基本句式详细解释如下: G. -h=DT]
1.S十V句式 *;OJ~zT
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Q{.{#G
He runs quickly. LXh@o1
他跑得快。 (^DLCP#*
They listened carefully. g+ >=C
他们听得很仔细。 k9^+9P^L
He suffered from cold and hunger. 9S:{
他挨冻受饿。 fCt^FU
China belongs to the third world country. '!j #X_;
中国属于第三世界国家。 :rz9M@7
The gas has given out. _DPB?)!x
煤气用完了。 Sk6b`W7$
My ink has run out. =_$XP
我的钢笔水用完了。 YVQ_tCC_!
2.S十V十P句式 TIcd
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ~_DF06G
He is older than he looks. 54
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他比看上去要老。 ~`*1*;Q<H|
He seen interested in the book. F[>7z3I
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 zY7*[!c2
The story sounds interesting. -Z:]<;qU
这个故事听起来有趣。 kP7a:(P_g
The desk feels hard. ./5jx2V
书桌摸起来很硬。 c5X`_
The cake tastes nice. :|Z$3q
饼尝起来很香。 T#\p%w9d
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. RXGHD19]
花闻起来香甜。 %oAL
You have grown taller than before. %0vTA_W
你长得比以前高了。 fJX\'Rc\
He has suddenly fallen ill. o:_^gJ+|
他突然病倒了。 sa_R$ /H
He stood quite still. DC&A1I&
他静静地站看。 }<SNO)h3
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. L'>s(CR
他长大后当了教师。 w|=gSC-o
He could never turn traitor to his country. fGb7=Fk
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 ;P3>>DZ
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: x Y| yI>
He looked me up and down. mV<i JZh
他上下打量我。 Yrpxy.1=F5
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. [(1O"
他伸出手来摸象。 O7v]p
They are tasting the fish. So#dJ>
他们在品尝鱼。 CD} Ns
They grow rice in their home town. i|%5
他们在家乡种水稻。 r=qLaPG
He's got a chair to sit on. cS}r9gaQ
他有椅子坐。 ^|aNG`|O
Please turn the sentence into English. +jtA&1cf
请把这个句于泽成英语。 CN/IH
3.S十V十O句式 PPa^o8jd
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: _S"f_W
I saw a film yesterday. pW{8R^vKm
我昨天看了一部电影。 `@|w>8bMz{
Have you read the story? u?kD)5Nk
你读过这个故事吗? 7UKYm
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They found their home easily. snYr9O[E6
他们很容易找到他们的家。 +yWR#[`n
They built a house last year. t[EfOQ
他们去年建了一所房子。 H?uukmZl
They've put up a factory in the village.
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他们在村里建了一座工厂。 [T`}yb@
They have taken good care of the children. 8Mu;U3cIW
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 BDe]18X
You should look after your children well. JDv-O&]
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 m_*R.a
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 KFDS q"j
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ?z/Vgk+9|
He gave me a book/a book to me. |)o#|Qo
他给我一本书。 2yKz-"E
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. D|_V<'
他带给我一枝钢笔。 4DLq
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. :
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他把座位让给我。 \k@Z7+&7
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: "&lN\&:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. j
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妈妈给我买了一本书。
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He got me a chair/a chair for me. M)!skU
他给我弄了一把椅子。 U,;xZe
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. e
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请帮我一下。 (][LQ6Pc
He asked me a question/a question of me. -2i\G .,J
他问我个问题。 ksW
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: q0O&UE)6Y
They robbed the old man of his money. ^0tw%6:
他们抢了老人的钱。 v27Ja .tA
He's warned me of the danger. pCU*@c!
他警告我注意危险。 &~-~5B|3"
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 8o-bd_
医生治好了他的病。 Zb''mf\
We must rid the house of th erats. )1F<6R
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 XU-m"_t
They deprived him of his right to speak. N/~N7Mw
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
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5.S十V十O十C句式 ULBg{e?l8
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ^_>!B)
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 1 W'F3
They made the girl angry. qv+R:YYOq
他们使这个女孩生气了。 Z=+03
They found her happy that day. q'S
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 .%xzT J=!
I found him out. i$UQbd
我发现他出去了。 WZFH@I28
I saw him in. 5/I_w0
我见他在家。 7*+TP~WI
They saw a foot mark in the sand. #DI$Oc
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 g]$
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They named the boy Charlie. k#)Ad*t
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 G?hK9@ |v
I saw him come in and go out. ?S#\K^
我见他进来又出去。 n:#TOU1ix<
They felt the car moving fast. 3$p#;a:=n
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 BzbDZV
I heard the glass broken just now. TEVI'%F
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 e!x6bR9EZ
He found the doctor of study closed to him. sbsu(Sz+
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。