英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: hyCh9YOu)
S十V主谓结构 %Y<| ;0v
S十V十F主系表结构 _=Z,E.EN
S十V十O主谓宾结构 .S(TxksCz
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 66/3|83Z
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 AsAT_yv#
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 iop2L51eJ
五个基本句式详细解释如下: e
+$p9k~
1.S十V句式 42e|LUZg
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: @ezH'y-v
He runs quickly. -8eoNzut
他跑得快。 pm*xb]8y
They listened carefully. (i34sqV$m
他们听得很仔细。 _LMM,!f
He suffered from cold and hunger. 6+.uU[x@
他挨冻受饿。 &Q;sSIc
China belongs to the third world country. !/}O>v~o
中国属于第三世界国家。 |uqf:V`z:
The gas has given out. 'oF%,4 !Y
煤气用完了。 ;A|-n1e>Hc
My ink has run out. xIxn"^'
我的钢笔水用完了。 ;i
Fz?d3;
2.S十V十P句式 m@"QDMHk.
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: zo +nq%=
He is older than he looks. (8Bk;bd
他比看上去要老。 .q%WuQw
He seen interested in the book. 4SlADvGl
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 MS\>DW
The story sounds interesting. *
mOo@+89
这个故事听起来有趣。 >#hO).`C
The desk feels hard. i\KQ!f>A
书桌摸起来很硬。 Y( 3Bp\6
The cake tastes nice. }dp=?AFg
饼尝起来很香。
k\WR ]
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Qp/QaVQ+
花闻起来香甜。 ?YZ- P{rTS
You have grown taller than before. *MJX?
你长得比以前高了。 g=QDu7Ux
He has suddenly fallen ill. +6';1Nb@
他突然病倒了。 e6d<dXx
He stood quite still. # a<Gxj
他静静地站看。 :/Q
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. +n#V[~~8AI
他长大后当了教师。 o| #Qu8Lk
He could never turn traitor to his country. dR"@`
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 .Yf:[`Q6g
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: C
q%IE^g<
He looked me up and down. ,6om\9.E@
他上下打量我。 |h;0H`
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. G&4&-<
他伸出手来摸象。 ptU\[Tq
They are tasting the fish.
k~jP'aD
他们在品尝鱼。 dHv68*^\'
They grow rice in their home town. JwA
YG5
W
他们在家乡种水稻。 H^s<{E0<
He's got a chair to sit on. T~Gvp0r}h
他有椅子坐。 jpO7'ivG
Please turn the sentence into English. Mz~M3$$9n
请把这个句于泽成英语。 Q$="_y2cTA
3.S十V十O句式 X)7x<?DAy
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: no<
^f]33
I saw a film yesterday. +f@U6Vv
我昨天看了一部电影。 4}4Pyjh
Have you read the story? MLRK74D
你读过这个故事吗? X@K-^8
They found their home easily. `C$:Yf]%nG
他们很容易找到他们的家。 =8;
{\
They built a house last year. D"ND+*Q[X
他们去年建了一所房子。 K }Vv4x1U
They've put up a factory in the village. L1Iz<>
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 v"OY 1<8
They have taken good care of the children. ENGg
~D
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 @+ BrgZv`
You should look after your children well.
@@8J6*y
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Y6Lf@}2(i
4.S十V十O1十O2句式
?sMP~RHQ
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: BPdfYu,il
He gave me a book/a book to me. 1#0{@35
他给我一本书。 0o9 3iu=&
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Y@b.sMg{
他带给我一枝钢笔。 IGtl\b=
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. IuNiEtKx
他把座位让给我。 c2e
t
c8
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: |=$-Wu
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. 76Vl6cPu>
妈妈给我买了一本书。 j4;0|zx-i
He got me a chair/a chair for me. /ew
Ukc8,
他给我弄了一把椅子。 w0C~*fn3l
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. *7h!w!LN~
请帮我一下。 69J4=5lX
He asked me a question/a question of me. lhw()u
他问我个问题。 IiZ&Pr
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: w\DVzeW(
They robbed the old man of his money. ~d6DD;`K
他们抢了老人的钱。 "V$Bnz\n
He's warned me of the danger. {WPobP"
他警告我注意危险。 @)-$kk*
The doctor has cured him of his disease. ^8@Iyh
医生治好了他的病。 aMvI?y {
We must rid the house of th erats. _<NMyRJo
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 cg*)0U-
_(
They deprived him of his right to speak. >B2q+tA
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 WN_pd%m
5.S十V十O十C句式 'I /aboDB
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 6'RrQc=q
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 * C6a?]
They made the girl angry. [g Z"a*
他们使这个女孩生气了。 LbZ:&/t^y8
They found her happy that day. <1.A=_
M
他们发现那天她很高兴。 }GZ}Q5
I found him out. SY^dWLf
我发现他出去了。 1[t=XDz/e
I saw him in. v!FMs<
我见他在家。 0sh/|`\
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 0`I-2M4F*Q
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 pOrWg@<\L
They named the boy Charlie. fuB)qt!E
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 His*t1o8'O
I saw him come in and go out. 4L73]3&
我见他进来又出去。 ]Bm>-*@0N
They felt the car moving fast. @5[kcU>
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 6Kj'ZyVL
I heard the glass broken just now. Vm|Y$C
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 \6 93kQ
He found the doctor of study closed to him. 3w!c`;c%
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。