英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: pVuJ4+`
S十V主谓结构 GtYtB2U
S十V十F主系表结构 SkGh@\
S十V十O主谓宾结构 j2oHwt6"
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 {Pi+V
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S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 gu'Y k
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 -K+" :kiS
五个基本句式详细解释如下: m6V:x/'=
1.S十V句式 l`#XB:#U
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: 8|:bis~wm
He runs quickly. UG)XA-ez
他跑得快。 MjGeH>
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They listened carefully. .=y-T=}
他们听得很仔细。 L;wfTZa
He suffered from cold and hunger. f7y a0%N
他挨冻受饿。 -,;r %7T
China belongs to the third world country. (eTe`
中国属于第三世界国家。 A6?+$ Hr
The gas has given out. /FzO9'kj
煤气用完了。 Ww8C}2g3
My ink has run out. 1M%'Xe7
我的钢笔水用完了。 XYBvM]
2.S十V十P句式 }3G`f> s
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ".n,R"EF
He is older than he looks. DK!QGATh
他比看上去要老。 $d<vPpJ3
He seen interested in the book. O$'BJKj-4
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 );8Nj
zX1
The story sounds interesting. %'}zr>tx:
这个故事听起来有趣。 s~A#B)wB
The desk feels hard. 4Dd@&N
书桌摸起来很硬。 QkEIV<T&)l
The cake tastes nice. 'qhi
8=*
饼尝起来很香。 r&^xg`i[z>
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. KW3Dr`A
花闻起来香甜。 J(k\Pz*
You have grown taller than before. (\CT
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你长得比以前高了。 ?Ek 3<7d
He has suddenly fallen ill. *]L(,_:"
他突然病倒了。 G5C=p:o{/
He stood quite still. utH,pGs C.
他静静地站看。 [Pn(d[$z
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. xWZ87
他长大后当了教师。 &,
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He could never turn traitor to his country. QYm]&;EI
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 :\]TAQd-
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: +3;`4bW
He looked me up and down. |OgtAI9
他上下打量我。 x#_\b-
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. )SX2%
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他伸出手来摸象。 676r0`
They are tasting the fish. cph&\
V2jt
他们在品尝鱼。 1E1oy(\V
They grow rice in their home town. 6~:eO(pK
l
他们在家乡种水稻。 uBr^TM$k&
He's got a chair to sit on. xI'sprNa_1
他有椅子坐。 T-;|E^
Please turn the sentence into English. l\Q--
请把这个句于泽成英语。 uR;m<wPH,f
3.S十V十O句式 L0sb[:'luz
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: ZxDh94w/
I saw a film yesterday. u3[A~V|0=
我昨天看了一部电影。 =>y%Aj&4
Have you read the story? s-S#qGZ
你读过这个故事吗? 4!l%@R>O2
They found their home easily. %^zGM^PD
他们很容易找到他们的家。 y3^>a5z!x
They built a house last year. r+yl{
他们去年建了一所房子。 `dGcjLsIz
They've put up a factory in the village. @xqjAcfg
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 ZcP/r
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They have taken good care of the children. \DgWp:|
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 {&I3qk2(
You should look after your children well. Ig.9:v`
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 oMw#ROsvC
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 v
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: :m{;<LRV
He gave me a book/a book to me. 8-"lK7
他给我一本书。 !!\OB6
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. V 5
他带给我一枝钢笔。 B]_NI=d
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. MODi:jsl
他把座位让给我。 IW~q,X+`V
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: p10i_<J]=
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. Wh7}G
妈妈给我买了一本书。 bS2)L4MQY
He got me a chair/a chair for me. :Qekv(z
他给我弄了一把椅子。 :5 zXW;s
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. M{
请帮我一下。 UbDRE[^P
He asked me a question/a question of me. {i!@C(M3
他问我个问题。 {] Zet}2
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: -h|YS/$f
They robbed the old man of his money. G*].g['
他们抢了老人的钱。 F8
T.}qI
He's warned me of the danger. >oOZDuj
他警告我注意危险。 jeLC)lQ*
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 'UN
'gXny
医生治好了他的病。 O>~ozW&
We must rid the house of th erats. l^WPv/}?
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 5Y}=,v*h}
They deprived him of his right to speak. z
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 UwQyAD]Ht
5.S十V十O十C句式 "^3pP(8;~
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 `VzjXJw
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 fg8"fbG`:
They made the girl angry. c7[+gc5}
他们使这个女孩生气了。 XSDudL
They found her happy that day. PL6f**{-
他们发现那天她很高兴。 a{deN9Qn
I found him out. UrhSX!g/A>
我发现他出去了。 qL
0{w7
I saw him in. }c1?:8p
我见他在家。 lgL|[ik`
They saw a foot mark in the sand. q=+AN</
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 <`/22S"
They named the boy Charlie. 1p%75VW
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ra[*E4P9L*
I saw him come in and go out. 0wlKBwf`J
我见他进来又出去。 >I^_kBa
They felt the car moving fast. Xu+^41
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 /ivA[LSS
I heard the glass broken just now. u#&ZD|
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 btZ9JZvMx
He found the doctor of study closed to him. s;[OR
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。