考博英语写作绝招:各部分万能套用公式 Qu<6X@+5
*Mg@j;+5s
IAbQgBvUD
开头万能公式: RU#}!Kq
G8'{nPA~
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 g/l:q&Q<
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! wIAH,3
!
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? N,B!D~@
经典句型: QiA}0q3]0
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) PN99 R]K0g
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. "N'W~XPG
(适用于自编名言) T_s09Wl
更多经典句型: dYOY8r/
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… mc`Z;D/mt
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 3H<%\SYp
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。 wWx{#
!W
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: P9:5kiP H
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college nT01B1/<]
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. ;:oXe*d
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: +qpG$#J0
Honesty ' A+L
#
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 w*~s&7c2B
Travel by Bike [f {qb\
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 vP#*if[V5
Youth jPo,mz&^
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 >}+R+''nR
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? {A< 9 61
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 6~jAh@-
更多句型: 0#=xUk#LP`
A recent statistics shows that … WC=d@d)M
qAd=i0{N
结尾万能公式: KX;JX*)J
U8N X%*oW
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 u23_*W\
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: g yV>k=B
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good &uc`w{,Zs
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. Id`V`|q
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! Sx
J0Y8#z
更多过渡短语: X=1o$:7
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus __7}4mA
更多句型: )qMbk7:v\
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… W 2[]m>;
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 _()1"5{
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! hQY`7m>L
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve ]&P\|b1*g
the problem. H"UJBO>$
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? :] U\{;q2
更多句型: /i27F2NQm
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Djc-f
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be A-uIZ
zC
taken. z7AWWr=H
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 ZQfPDH=
6i+,/vr
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: x>##qYT
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is )kI**mI}
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to Mth:V45G|
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite
6(-s@{
similar. 9`N5$;NzY
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! j:'g*IxM_
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 $qYP|W
主 题 句原则 B1!xr-kC
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! MomHSv Q\
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! 6uo;4}0
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully
:zKMw=
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, qT(6T P
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 r
<5}& B`
一 二 三原则 C[
mTVxd
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 77)WNL/
x
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 $+7uB-KsU
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) q{Z#}|km#
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) 1F`jptVQ\G
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗)
;mk[!
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, 1\&j)3mC
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) 2,q*[Kh1
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) ^
UmYW
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) bqAW
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) ={ms@/e/T
8)most important of all, moreover, finally %?PFe}
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) PY^#hC5:
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) WrGnLE
kiV
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!四、 短语优先原则 GcdJf/k
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: vNv!fkl
I cannot bear it. =
,(TP
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. G*@!M
%/
I want it. U;MXiE3D
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it.
L\PmT
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。五、 多实少虚原则 t+8e
?="
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, '*b]$5*p
humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 'f-r 6'_ZX
之类的形象词。再比如: fu^W# "{
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room A#=TR_@:
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room ;KlYiu
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room w*ans}P7
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room Kp`{-dUf
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room #0P_\X`E
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩!六、 多变句式原则 P0n1I7|
1)加法(串联) i7Up AHd/
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, y QW7ng7D0
但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: "o&8\KSs
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. eThaH0
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: P]43FPb
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. _B0(1(M<2
其它的短语可以用: UZyg_G6
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover LjI`$r.B
2)转折(拐弯抹角) =&bI-
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 m2j&0z
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. k
QuEG5n.-
The coat was thin, but it was warm. 9n&
&`r
更多的短语: (~GQncqa
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, =-h^j
despite, notwithstanding SYCL\b
3)因果(so, so, so) nkW})Ly
B\
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! 0MW W(
;
The snow began to fall, so we went home. H7zN|NdNw
更多短语: xZ'fer`&
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a ytZ o0pad
result, for this reason, so that oac)na:O#
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) n
i#jAwkN5
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 .-d'
*$
yJ
举例:This is what I can do. x-BU$bx5
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. FK _ ZE>
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: +\eJxyO
When to go, Why he goes away… nip6|dN
5)附加(多此一举) $1yO Zp5
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 u8Ys2KLpL
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. Qs&;MW4q
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. >y3FU1w5d
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. Cj-s
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom [o)K1>>7
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 9@ k8$@
6)排比(排山倒海句) g
)Lf^
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! ,aP6ct
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated .shi?aWm
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. G+zhL6]F
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such orGMzC 2
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean FZ"n6hWA
tides. @8L5UT
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, i|eX X)$
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) GA^hev
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七、 挑战极限原则 R"B{IWQi
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! >?$2`I
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: 5YY5t^T
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb x[0T$
the Western Hills. qG9a!sj
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about y;b#qUd5a
three times that of China. $qNF /rF
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! z?byNd8
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 (xfc_h*xA
yGa0/o18!?
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! 4 &bmt
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted x@NfN*?/+i
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as &g:(
I
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. U0&myj 8L
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ,6^<Vg
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the &[G)YD
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. v "l).G?
更多句型: 6z\!lOVjb
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, v5[gFY(?
for example二、做比较 RY;V@\pRY+
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; [2@:jLth=
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through ![z2]L+TB
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: xlv(PVdn
相似的比较: cH_qHXi[G
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner 9vRLM*9|
相反的比较: Ii0\
Skb
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 5{=+
S]
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, SdnnXEB7
…三、换言之 mm>l:M TF
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 ag'hHFV
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! )Xdq+$w.
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. )@!fLAT
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love I~l
qg
with you. rWr'+v?
或者上面我们举过的例子: "}()/
I cannot bear it. )>~jjR
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. /
&Z8g4vc
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with B Ewa QvQ!
it or I am fed up with it. &4OOW;,?<
更多短语: GvtK=A$b
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more i ;B^I8
simply