英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: H PTHF
S十V主谓结构 {jhcZ"#>\
S十V十F主系表结构 Mz}i
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 CKN8z
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 .$^wy3:F"
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 *JS"(. '(
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 qSR?,G
五个基本句式详细解释如下: <THUsY`3P&
1.S十V句式 @?
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: s+N^PX3
He runs quickly. J5-rp|
他跑得快。 /evaTQPz
They listened carefully. Hz5;Ruw'
他们听得很仔细。 >eu
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He suffered from cold and hunger. Yd.02 7
他挨冻受饿。 V-:`+&S{^
China belongs to the third world country. Gzj3Ka
中国属于第三世界国家。 jvWI_Fto
The gas has given out. |9
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煤气用完了。 KKV)DExv?
My ink has run out. "u,sRbL
我的钢笔水用完了。 {QW-g
2.S十V十P句式 3^'#ny?l
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: >]^>gUmq
He is older than he looks. 98jD"*W5
他比看上去要老。
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He seen interested in the book. df!+T0
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 jjYM3LQcdP
The story sounds interesting. QZ?O;K1|y
这个故事听起来有趣。 j,
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The desk feels hard. zLo;.X[Y
书桌摸起来很硬。 )K8P+zn~
The cake tastes nice. 5Zzr5WM
饼尝起来很香。 ]v<d0"2
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 2B5A!?~>
花闻起来香甜。 7N!tp,?
You have grown taller than before. 0T 1HQ
你长得比以前高了。 ZK%Kgk[\:~
He has suddenly fallen ill. `8mD7xsg$
他突然病倒了。 C{8i7D
He stood quite still. D!c1;IHZ
他静静地站看。 m*\B2\2gJ
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. qPL^zM+
他长大后当了教师。 >6*(}L9
He could never turn traitor to his country. '.=Wk^,
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 y{@P1{
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: &G0l&8pa
He looked me up and down. tniPEmeS
他上下打量我。 JmnBq<&,0
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. "PZYgl
他伸出手来摸象。
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They are tasting the fish. c-[Q,c
他们在品尝鱼。 `Ev A\f
They grow rice in their home town. #H'sZv
他们在家乡种水稻。 6V.awg,
He's got a chair to sit on. ,[Dh2fPM,
他有椅子坐。 g4~X#}:z$O
Please turn the sentence into English. 4RK.Il*d
请把这个句于泽成英语。 [z
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3.S十V十O句式 ^Nd|+}
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: tqff8
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I saw a film yesterday. Y{%4F%Oy
我昨天看了一部电影。 OVDMC4K2z!
Have you read the story? o 8~
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你读过这个故事吗? Y|hzF:ll
They found their home easily. {{^Mr)]5K
他们很容易找到他们的家。 yRgDhA
They built a house last year. &LCUoTzj
他们去年建了一所房子。 *Gk<"pEeS
They've put up a factory in the village. n4ds;N3Hd
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 sYAG,r>h
They have taken good care of the children. 1Y H4a|bc
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 N}8HK^n*
You should look after your children well. qB+:#Yrx/
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 "sX[p
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 t7U,AQ=;P5
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: NDs]}5#
He gave me a book/a book to me. *tq|x[<
他给我一本书。 eHF(,JI
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. vOvxQS}dBp
他带给我一枝钢笔。 +WV_`Rx#
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. aIzp\$NWVK
他把座位让给我。 ,p[\fT($]
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: h-?q6O/|
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. oP|pOs\$p
妈妈给我买了一本书。 D]G'R5H
He got me a chair/a chair for me. + e5
他给我弄了一把椅子。 j{7ilo(i
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. [T.(MbP
请帮我一下。 2-cU -i4
He asked me a question/a question of me. v)C:E 9!|
他问我个问题。 Dho[{xJ46
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: T;4gcJPn"M
They robbed the old man of his money. = h<? /Krs
他们抢了老人的钱。 5KC\1pei
He's warned me of the danger. ERX
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他警告我注意危险。 SSL%$:l@
The doctor has cured him of his disease. V\rIN}7
医生治好了他的病。 _Pfx_+
We must rid the house of th erats. l_Y
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 02J6Pn3
They deprived him of his right to speak. {'c%#\
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 u':0"5}
5.S十V十O十C句式 9
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在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 nuQ
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Gwrx)Mq
They made the girl angry. PG v}fEH"
他们使这个女孩生气了。 }^GV(]K
They found her happy that day. eRl?9
他们发现那天她很高兴。 1<qVN'[
I found him out. -MHX1`P:Sn
我发现他出去了。 [y=$2
I saw him in. O%++0k;
我见他在家。 lc$@
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. &J&w4"0N'
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 )ejXeg
They named the boy Charlie. |H+k?C-w
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 A]SB c2
I saw him come in and go out. X $9D0;L
我见他进来又出去。 48&KdbGX
They felt the car moving fast. _"w!KNX>(~
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 sei!9+bZr
I heard the glass broken just now. <T.3ZZ%
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 B=Jd%Av
He found the doctor of study closed to him. =<FZ{4
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。