英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: f"A?\w @
S十V主谓结构 Z sbE
S十V十F主系表结构 QP4`r#,
S十V十O主谓宾结构 qEB]Tj e[
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 +vCW${U
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 j?P8&Fm<
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 >-YWq
五个基本句式详细解释如下: @|J+f5O
1.S十V句式 zmh3
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: *dm?,~f%<
He runs quickly. t /CE,DQ
他跑得快。 R?$Nl
They listened carefully. =o+))R4
他们听得很仔细。 mu =H&JC
He suffered from cold and hunger. '74-rL:i
他挨冻受饿。 (3+:/,{'$
China belongs to the third world country. e6WKZ~
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中国属于第三世界国家。 . ;q4<_
The gas has given out. VwV`tKit
煤气用完了。 SmYY){AQ/
My ink has run out. E>3fk
我的钢笔水用完了。 yp:_W@
2.S十V十P句式 jPf*qe>U
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: QR;E>eEq
He is older than he looks. aPMqJ#fIr
他比看上去要老。 9@."Y>1G
He seen interested in the book. uk~4R@=&H
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ) b
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The story sounds interesting. Z:PsQ~M
这个故事听起来有趣。 j7)Xm,wI8
The desk feels hard. $Z;?d@6yI
书桌摸起来很硬。 @
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The cake tastes nice. 1>SCY_Cv
饼尝起来很香。 9\]%N;;Lo
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. '<C I^5^
花闻起来香甜。 gB\KD{E
You have grown taller than before. `_6!nkq8
你长得比以前高了。 /M-%]sayj
He has suddenly fallen ill. a
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他突然病倒了。 3P!Jw7e
He stood quite still. \Om<
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他静静地站看。 0~\Dd0W/:`
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 5CxD ys&<
他长大后当了教师。 1|VnPQqA
He could never turn traitor to his country. %/:{x()G
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 dE+xU(\,w
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: szC~?]<YY
He looked me up and down. h,q%MZ==^s
他上下打量我。 9IKFrCO9,
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. kne{Tp
他伸出手来摸象。 Z4Nl{
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They are tasting the fish. W^W^5-'"D,
他们在品尝鱼。 h$p]#]uMb
They grow rice in their home town. lK%pxqx
他们在家乡种水稻。 XQhBnam%
He's got a chair to sit on. kmM1)- v
他有椅子坐。 1pC!F ;9Oo
Please turn the sentence into English. 0
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 _-%A_5lCRE
3.S十V十O句式 /'IOi`d
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: B~cQl
I saw a film yesterday. )eNR4nF
我昨天看了一部电影。 BF2,E<^A
Have you read the story? "_JGe#=
你读过这个故事吗? k+2~=#
They found their home easily. &AmTXW
他们很容易找到他们的家。 R74kt36M
They built a house last year. ^WP`;e
他们去年建了一所房子。 <k'=_mC_
They've put up a factory in the village. 5C/W_H+9iK
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 xR2E? 0T
They have taken good care of the children. $
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 `3^*K/K\
You should look after your children well. ~h6aw
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 L8N`<a5T
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 ulV)X/]1
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: T>s~bIzL*e
He gave me a book/a book to me.
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他给我一本书。
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. PI(;t9]b
他带给我一枝钢笔。
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. '9%72yG
他把座位让给我。 "Q6oPDX(
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: XRCiv
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. fEE[huG
妈妈给我买了一本书。 4%1sOnl
He got me a chair/a chair for me. MW8GM }Ho[
他给我弄了一把椅子。 9F)+p7VJq
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 6/Y3#d
请帮我一下。 Cqy84!Z<
He asked me a question/a question of me. Fg<$;p
他问我个问题。 __M(dN(^
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: XQ]no aU
They robbed the old man of his money. )isz
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他们抢了老人的钱。 J7q^4M+o:
He's warned me of the danger. .Nz2K[
他警告我注意危险。 U/9xO"b{.
The doctor has cured him of his disease. UZ7Zzc#g
医生治好了他的病。 HZC^Q7]hy
We must rid the house of th erats. O_}R~p
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 IHHL. gT
They deprived him of his right to speak. F
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 QG
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5.S十V十O十C句式 9`
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 wb~BY
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 KGb:NQ=O6i
They made the girl angry. "
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 EYWRTh
They found her happy that day. TLbnG$VQS
他们发现那天她很高兴。 __N<
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I found him out. Ahl-EVIr<
我发现他出去了。 k|V%*BvY>
I saw him in. D! TFb E
我见他在家。 %;ST7
They saw a foot mark in the sand. MiHa'90{K
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 lz1RAp0R"
They named the boy Charlie. @p`*MWU
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 NMJX `
I saw him come in and go out. b>g&Pf#N!
我见他进来又出去。 ^#-d^ )f;
They felt the car moving fast. %-9?rO
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 \tR](, /
I heard the glass broken just now. y,&'nk}
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 iM
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He found the doctor of study closed to him. _[%2QwAUj*
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。