英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: F~@1n,[
S十V主谓结构 u1|Y;*
S十V十F主系表结构 #uw*8&%0
S十V十O主谓宾结构 Y;5^w=V
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 =z/mI y<
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 "YvBb:Z>
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 }m
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: Yw1q2jT
1.S十V句式 6Q?6-,?_
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: *x`l1o
He runs quickly. b({b5z.A
他跑得快。 ?*5l}y=
They listened carefully. E2/U']R
他们听得很仔细。 eDZ3SIZ
He suffered from cold and hunger. WaK{/6?T,
他挨冻受饿。 F"0jr7
China belongs to the third world country. >t<R6f_Q0
中国属于第三世界国家。 rTiuQdvo
The gas has given out. jQlK-U=oi
煤气用完了。 :[?o7%"
My ink has run out. U`4Zj1y
我的钢笔水用完了。 mZ&Mj.0+~
2.S十V十P句式 c oz}VMp
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
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He is older than he looks. @8d})X33
他比看上去要老。 ! yUKNR
He seen interested in the book. AiI# "
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 .`=PE&xq
The story sounds interesting. Hx0,kOh)
这个故事听起来有趣。 ^0~1/ PhOw
The desk feels hard. Z'kYf
书桌摸起来很硬。 dgD%I
The cake tastes nice. k/Ro74f=
饼尝起来很香。 Q1B
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. Om~C0
花闻起来香甜。 kniMXeiu
You have grown taller than before. a5&j=3)|
你长得比以前高了。 FeMu`|2
He has suddenly fallen ill. R>q'Y mu~
他突然病倒了。 W=w@SO_?wp
He stood quite still. tB7aHZ|
他静静地站看。 F,:VL*.5kJ
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. d(XWt;K K
他长大后当了教师。 n|6yz[N
He could never turn traitor to his country. Q+dI,5YF
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 \/Y<.#?_
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: hn.fX:}
He looked me up and down. =;T[2:JUu
他上下打量我。 KS_d5NvYl
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. }OFk.6{{&v
他伸出手来摸象。 Hua8/:![+
They are tasting the fish. HC+R:Dz
他们在品尝鱼。 uy~j$ lrn
They grow rice in their home town. <^paRKEa+#
他们在家乡种水稻。 7;{F"/A
He's got a chair to sit on. ImVe71mh
他有椅子坐。 '%N
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Please turn the sentence into English. V96BtVsB
请把这个句于泽成英语。 iatQHn>(
3.S十V十O句式 T5)?6i-N
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: 78wcMQNX9
I saw a film yesterday. 4M}/PoJ
我昨天看了一部电影。 t{9Ph]e
Have you read the story? t<tBOesQ
你读过这个故事吗? r|+Zni]
They found their home easily. _4+1c5Q!
他们很容易找到他们的家。 tq[C"| dH
They built a house last year. }V{,
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他们去年建了一所房子。 (,>`\\
They've put up a factory in the village. {#MViBhd%
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 jp|
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They have taken good care of the children. ?d 4_'y
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 w jF\>
You should look after your children well. ]?2AFkF
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 o?>)CAo
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 -{?Rq'H
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: S}<(9@]z
He gave me a book/a book to me. LxbVRw
他给我一本书。 "3K0 wR5
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. |R4](
他带给我一枝钢笔。 mEA w^
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. D4G{= Y}G
他把座位让给我。 6-o Qs?
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: \%K6T)9
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. >[#4Pb7_Y
妈妈给我买了一本书。 TS-[p d
He got me a chair/a chair for me. ]b[3 th*
他给我弄了一把椅子。 U|>Js!$
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. te`4*t
请帮我一下。 TnC'<zm9!
He asked me a question/a question of me. giPyo"SD
他问我个问题。 Uc/%4Gx
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: </fzBaTo
They robbed the old man of his money. b_B4
他们抢了老人的钱。 KMZ% 1=a
He's warned me of the danger. g,.iM8
他警告我注意危险。 P\Ka'i
The doctor has cured him of his disease. F:n7yey
医生治好了他的病。 f#!Ljjf$;
We must rid the house of th erats. H7uW
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 #jnb6v=5v
They deprived him of his right to speak. f>Ge
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他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 4kIy4x'*
5.S十V十O十C句式 VlKWWQj
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 ?@tp
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常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 q$\KE4v"
They made the girl angry. WzF/wzR
他们使这个女孩生气了。 -(Yq$5Zc&
They found her happy that day. UF?qL1w
他们发现那天她很高兴。 "wdC/
I found him out. 0DGXMO$;
我发现他出去了。 U1I2+;"#A
I saw him in. o4U9jU4<"
我见他在家。 :
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They saw a foot mark in the sand. G/b
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 L_Z>*s&
They named the boy Charlie. a:C
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 I_\j0
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I saw him come in and go out. !?,rcgi
我见他进来又出去。 WS4Ja$*
They felt the car moving fast. yoQ}m/Cj
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
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I heard the glass broken just now. |BN^5mqP6
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 xO{yr[x"L
He found the doctor of study closed to him. h<JV6h :8
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。