英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: WSeiW
S十V主谓结构
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S十V十F主系表结构 \QSD*
S十V十O主谓宾结构 7 v3%dCvf
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 H.n|zGQTB
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 /;Cx|\
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 k-*k'S_
五个基本句式详细解释如下: lr)MySsu#H
1.S十V句式 70*yx?T V
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: |%X_<Cpk
He runs quickly. eon(C|S7eK
他跑得快。 =&4eW#{LuH
They listened carefully. $1 Z3yb^
他们听得很仔细。 *"/BD=INv}
He suffered from cold and hunger. m`XaY J
他挨冻受饿。 bw#\"uJ
China belongs to the third world country. tUfze9m
中国属于第三世界国家。 2qj0iRH#N<
The gas has given out. /xA`VyHO
煤气用完了。 CS"k0V44}
My ink has run out. G
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我的钢笔水用完了。 ;P|v'NNI
2.S十V十P句式 jI}{0LW&F&
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: h2]GV-
He is older than he looks. ^&c|z35F
他比看上去要老。 ]=0D~3o3
He seen interested in the book. /8(t:
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Ce3
The story sounds interesting. qp1rP#
这个故事听起来有趣。 <8Q?kj
The desk feels hard. A56aOI=
书桌摸起来很硬。 E[_-s
The cake tastes nice. %}Ob~m>P
饼尝起来很香。
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. }5;3c %
花闻起来香甜。 kObgoMT<[
You have grown taller than before. %1]Lc=[j
你长得比以前高了。 ?K?v64[
He has suddenly fallen ill. G Q+g.{c
他突然病倒了。 le`_
He stood quite still. !;C *Wsp}
他静静地站看。 R_DZJV O
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. V$ss[fX
他长大后当了教师。 ]O;Rzq{D(
He could never turn traitor to his country. #
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他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 .!J,9PE
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: *[_>d.i
He looked me up and down. w,FOq?j^k
他上下打量我。 7e-l`]
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. $r=Ud >
他伸出手来摸象。 K:eP Il{JE
They are tasting the fish. pYs"Y;%
他们在品尝鱼。 m<;&B
They grow rice in their home town. IZ6[|Ach6
他们在家乡种水稻。 B/CP/Pfb
He's got a chair to sit on. 7MT[fA8^
他有椅子坐。 \/9uS.Kw
Please turn the sentence into English. }0Q6iHX@
请把这个句于泽成英语。 [Hww3+~+
3.S十V十O句式 >p 7e6%
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: cwxO|
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I saw a film yesterday. ^kMgjS}R
我昨天看了一部电影。 i- E~ZfJ
Have you read the story? 3y?ig2
你读过这个故事吗? H{P"$zj`l
They found their home easily. 'q
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 NTVdSK7z~H
They built a house last year. KPUc+`cN%
他们去年建了一所房子。 4+`<' t]Q
They've put up a factory in the village. SL/ FMYdd
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 ?K/z`E!xhN
They have taken good care of the children. m(8t |~S
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 H0s,tTK8
You should look after your children well. E#T-2^nD
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 (+ 9_nAgZ,
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 2Fce| Tn
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ('xu2 ;<
He gave me a book/a book to me. M#d_kDMw
他给我一本书。 SN'LUwaMp!
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. F#Oqa^$(
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ?(!$vqS`f(
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. kO\(6f2|x
他把座位让给我。 0%+T U4Xx
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 56AaviE
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Mother bought me a book/a book for me. h8O[xca/~
妈妈给我买了一本书。 w'.ny<Pe
He got me a chair/a chair for me. lyx
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 t@!X1?`w
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. TjlKy
请帮我一下。 :*6tbUp
He asked me a question/a question of me. ^C@uP9g
他问我个问题。 >NW
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注意,下边动词只有一种说法: 3`k1
They robbed the old man of his money. _pKW($\
他们抢了老人的钱。 xue-5 '
He's warned me of the danger. ?U2ed)zzw
他警告我注意危险。 =6q?XOM
The doctor has cured him of his disease. As1Er[>
医生治好了他的病。 iH(
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We must rid the house of th erats. *6q8kQsz^1
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 Wb!%_1dER
They deprived him of his right to speak. Y+V*$73`
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 netKt_
5.S十V十O十C句式 7J,W#Ql)5
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 hn.9j"
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ay'=M`uO_
They made the girl angry. Rmn| "ZK
他们使这个女孩生气了。 W2yNEiH
They found her happy that day. g 6>RyjN
他们发现那天她很高兴。 c$?qN&X_K
I found him out. ;
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我发现他出去了。 u-pE
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I saw him in. 8:L%-
我见他在家。 @*q\$Eg}2
They saw a foot mark in the sand. c"H4/,F
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 *AGC[w}/
They named the boy Charlie. gUL`)t\} *
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 =a?l@dI]
I saw him come in and go out. `\q4z-<-
我见他进来又出去。 .
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They felt the car moving fast. zEF3B
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 i{ T0[\4
I heard the glass broken just now. P)^K&7X
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 ?_m;~>C
He found the doctor of study closed to him. nrwb6w
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。