英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: w 2U302TZ
S十V主谓结构
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S十V十F主系表结构 I]
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S十V十O主谓宾结构 aqQ+A:g
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 1\aTA,
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 88S:E7
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说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 /|H9Gm
五个基本句式详细解释如下: .Oc j|A6
1.S十V句式 0m> 8
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: v)gMNzt
He runs quickly. GBpdj}2=
他跑得快。 .<fdX()e,
They listened carefully. uHmvHA~/c8
他们听得很仔细。 jC}HNiM78
He suffered from cold and hunger. 3}mg7KV&
他挨冻受饿。 )Qe]!$tqfD
China belongs to the third world country. |7A}LA
中国属于第三世界国家。 4<E <sD
The gas has given out. oyk&]'>
煤气用完了。 kFmtE
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My ink has run out. =23@"ji@D
我的钢笔水用完了。 6P>}7R}
2.S十V十P句式 bE2O[B
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: #Y
He is older than he looks. 'yA/sZ
他比看上去要老。 Y[R>?w
He seen interested in the book. fXl2i]L(^B
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 (/]#G8
The story sounds interesting. [ @"6:tTU
这个故事听起来有趣。 X9FO"(J
The desk feels hard. <BZC5b6
书桌摸起来很硬。 (F.w?f4B3
The cake tastes nice. yx4pQL7
饼尝起来很香。 U{[YCs fk
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. <? !'
花闻起来香甜。 =l*
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You have grown taller than before. !|u?z%
你长得比以前高了。 ;A7JX:*?y=
He has suddenly fallen ill.
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他突然病倒了。 A]i!131{w|
He stood quite still. ' F9gp!s8~
他静静地站看。 +YW;63"o
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 4\v &8">LL
他长大后当了教师。 9609
He could never turn traitor to his country. Z^as ?k(iM
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 .lP',hn
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: p?ccBq
He looked me up and down. ,~ZD"'*n6g
他上下打量我。 e_KfnPY
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. Khc^q*|C)
他伸出手来摸象。 zi
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They are tasting the fish. C5TV}Bq\
他们在品尝鱼。 Z/?{{}H+
They grow rice in their home town. b$#b+G{y
他们在家乡种水稻。 AL3iNkEa
He's got a chair to sit on. <anKw|
他有椅子坐。 _]4p51r0
Please turn the sentence into English. -wg}X-'z0
请把这个句于泽成英语。 m<>BxX
3.S十V十O句式 J-d
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: v]F4o1ckk
I saw a film yesterday. ml1%C%
我昨天看了一部电影。 >Q=^X3to
Have you read the story? SKnYeT
你读过这个故事吗? p2t04p!
They found their home easily. &5b3k[K"
他们很容易找到他们的家。 \2a;z<(
They built a house last year. x@rQ
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他们去年建了一所房子。 0g|5s
They've put up a factory in the village. ^-k"gLg
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 wxh\CBxG
They have taken good care of the children. Ta?}n^V?;
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 j`RG Moq
You should look after your children well. }p2iF2g9`
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 =cjO]
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 V)/J2 -w
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: #d\&6'O
He gave me a book/a book to me. {
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他给我一本书。 "*t6KXVaM
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. z6E =%-`
他带给我一枝钢笔。 V2T%tn;rp
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ,k4pW&A
他把座位让给我。 [C6ba{9B
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Ei @
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. nI6ompTX
妈妈给我买了一本书。 [h;I)ug[o(
He got me a chair/a chair for me. .@OQ$D <
他给我弄了一把椅子。 xo'!$a}I2
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ^{Mq
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请帮我一下。 J Ah!#S(
He asked me a question/a question of me. iXnXZ|M
他问我个问题。 l6HtZ(
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: mv8H:T
They robbed the old man of his money. e*}zl>f
他们抢了老人的钱。 b
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He's warned me of the danger. >EJ{ *
他警告我注意危险。 9#:nlu9
The doctor has cured him of his disease. iiq
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医生治好了他的病。 cl^UFlf[
We must rid the house of th erats. ]ouoRlb/
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 Cst1nGPL
They deprived him of his right to speak. Opu*i
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 Ljz)%y[s
5.S十V十O十C句式 PkDt-]G.
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 x&;AY
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Bn&P@C$7
They made the girl angry. |9S8sfw
他们使这个女孩生气了。 M{24MF
They found her happy that day. WMtFXkf6"
他们发现那天她很高兴。 HU?1>}4L
I found him out. M8WjqTq
我发现他出去了。 lF(v<drkB
I saw him in. 9y6u&!PZ\
我见他在家。 e x Z/
They saw a foot mark in the sand. F(`|-E"E;
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 <T[LugI
They named the boy Charlie. =_k
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 jnp~ACN,
I saw him come in and go out. m=9
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我见他进来又出去。 _@B?
They felt the car moving fast. $5 G(_
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 [ x{$f7CEh
I heard the glass broken just now. PzKTEYJL
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 =p.avAuSn
He found the doctor of study closed to him. |E6_TZ#=
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。