英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: 59.$;Ip;g
S十V主谓结构 ]xS%Er
S十V十F主系表结构 D1RQkAZS
S十V十O主谓宾结构 dpW`e>o
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 a!o%x
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 c]*yo
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 8$uq60JK
五个基本句式详细解释如下: )v(rEY
1.S十V句式 y>C
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在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: ub?dfS9$_
He runs quickly. -o/Vp>_UOE
他跑得快。 *$cx7yJ
They listened carefully. s(X\7Hz_nC
他们听得很仔细。 1#Vd)vSP
He suffered from cold and hunger. X}GX6qAdt
他挨冻受饿。 Eq_@xT0>
China belongs to the third world country. ~vYFQKrb
中国属于第三世界国家。 LDegJer-v
The gas has given out. O=K0KOj
煤气用完了。 7b~uU@L`
My ink has run out. bM'F8Fi
我的钢笔水用完了。 /Igz[P^\9
2.S十V十P句式 blomB2vQ
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: g8/ ,E-u
He is older than he looks.
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他比看上去要老。 ,./n@.na
He seen interested in the book. e>_a
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 6# bTlmcg
The story sounds interesting. (e;/Smol
这个故事听起来有趣。 J<0sT=/2$
The desk feels hard. 8i^
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书桌摸起来很硬。 \hBzQ%0
The cake tastes nice. jcC"vr'u|
饼尝起来很香。 (-J'x%2)
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. IT#Li
花闻起来香甜。 ;eo}/-a_Xw
You have grown taller than before. KO`dAB F}
你长得比以前高了。 fJNK@F
He has suddenly fallen ill. oumbJ7X=L
他突然病倒了。
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He stood quite still. Ugo!
他静静地站看。 |oOAy
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. p5"pQeS
他长大后当了教师。 `'3&tAy
He could never turn traitor to his country. EXbZ9 o*
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 fVZ92Xw
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注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: W8x&:5Fc)3
He looked me up and down. +2tFX
他上下打量我。 2&pE
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. LB({,0mcX
他伸出手来摸象。 RnC+]J+?4
They are tasting the fish. -Ju;
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他们在品尝鱼。 a;Pn.@NVq
They grow rice in their home town. X.
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他们在家乡种水稻。 \N-3JO Vy
He's got a chair to sit on. *:+ZEFMq
他有椅子坐。 @d^DU5ats>
Please turn the sentence into English. eB_r.R{
请把这个句于泽成英语。 G=Lg5`3;,
3.S十V十O句式 |c2sJy j*
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: [n&ES
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I saw a film yesterday. )}"`$6:k`
我昨天看了一部电影。 ~z]VDEJ{q
Have you read the story? gMZ+kP`
你读过这个故事吗? z`$c4p6G6
They found their home easily. 4Z=`;
他们很容易找到他们的家。 }CZw'fhVWO
They built a house last year. tcRJ1:d
他们去年建了一所房子。 SO
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They've put up a factory in the village. oP4+:r)LKD
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 j_h:_D4
They have taken good care of the children. ]91QZ~4a
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 zG/? wP"
You should look after your children well. %{
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 %\|{_]h}y
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 KZcmNli&A
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: {J/Fp#
He gave me a book/a book to me. 9iM%kY#)W
他给我一本书。 Q
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. ZvT>A#R;l~
他带给我一枝钢笔。 i'>5vU0?3
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. v[8+fd)}S
他把座位让给我。 ITn PF{N
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 1kUlQ*[<|
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. y5O &9Ckw
妈妈给我买了一本书。 XpE847!soL
He got me a chair/a chair for me. |S|'o*u
他给我弄了一把椅子。 1 JIU5u)
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. v*dw'i
请帮我一下。 <LXx_{=:
He asked me a question/a question of me. m_Q&zp["
他问我个问题。 -<5{wQE;|
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: +DR$ >a
They robbed the old man of his money. t8xXGWk0
他们抢了老人的钱。 /T(9:1/G
He's warned me of the danger. Qs59IZ
他警告我注意危险。 |K-`
The doctor has cured him of his disease. VHl1f7%@H
医生治好了他的病。
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We must rid the house of th erats. n;N79`mZC
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 Rc1k_fZ}
They deprived him of his right to speak. ?8GS*I
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 o,*D8[
5.S十V十O十C句式 "opMS/a"7
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 "2sk1
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 y*-_
They made the girl angry. 'EXx'z;/#
他们使这个女孩生气了。 ]SRpMZ
They found her happy that day. PS[ C!s&KE
他们发现那天她很高兴。 "z3rH~q72
I found him out. &s(&B>M
我发现他出去了。 W [K.|8ho
I saw him in. x4H#8ZK!
我见他在家。 E8}evi
They saw a foot mark in the sand. !+^'Ej)z
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 rHX^bcYK
They named the boy Charlie. 0zq'Nf?#3
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 `;;l {8
I saw him come in and go out. o5F:U4sG
我见他进来又出去。 Z}dK6h5+'
They felt the car moving fast. )XK\[tL
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 =ZIT!B?4
I heard the glass broken just now. Wa<<"x$
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Q]xkDr?
He found the doctor of study closed to him. CG=c@-"n/
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。