英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: wON!MhA;
S十V主谓结构 ?g_3 [Fk
S十V十F主系表结构 Zu*F#s!tUI
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ^um<bWNc
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S\CCrje
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 2=*H 8'k
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ahusta
五个基本句式详细解释如下: g_;\iqxL
1.S十V句式 0Um2DjTCG
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: {a =#B)6
He runs quickly. Sj3+l7S?
他跑得快。 2R[:]-b
They listened carefully. D(~U6SR
他们听得很仔细。 f[]dfLS"W
He suffered from cold and hunger. .#EF
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他挨冻受饿。 !Lu2
China belongs to the third world country. Pd8![Z3
中国属于第三世界国家。 0-B5`=yU
The gas has given out. ko!)s
煤气用完了。 E fqX
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My ink has run out. G?yLo 'Ulo
我的钢笔水用完了。 49eD1h3'X[
2.S十V十P句式 |NlO7aQ>2H
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: zOJ%}
He is older than he looks. L7l
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他比看上去要老。 }H53~@WP>
He seen interested in the book. 82+r^t/.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 [DuttFX^x
The story sounds interesting. )705V|v
这个故事听起来有趣。 X;$+,&M"
The desk feels hard. 'B|JAi?
书桌摸起来很硬。 $z6_@`[
The cake tastes nice. x[p|G5
饼尝起来很香。 :@Pl pFK
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. !t"4!3
花闻起来香甜。 7g^]:3f!
You have grown taller than before. Lj({[H7D!
你长得比以前高了。 }{Pp]*I<A
He has suddenly fallen ill. yxPazz
他突然病倒了。
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He stood quite still. m!!/Za
他静静地站看。 g&L!1<,
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He becomes a teacher when he grew up. f_OQ./`
他长大后当了教师。 iT+8|Yia
He could never turn traitor to his country. %uDi#x.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 !)f\%lb
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: h'llK6_)
He looked me up and down. h,:m~0gmj
他上下打量我。 LENq_@$
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. ),%%$G\
他伸出手来摸象。 /xBb[44z8
They are tasting the fish. BKCiIfkZ
他们在品尝鱼。 8Al{+gx@?
They grow rice in their home town. -m zIT4
他们在家乡种水稻。 tU5zF.%
He's got a chair to sit on. KfEx"94
他有椅子坐。 &&8x%Pml
Please turn the sentence into English. y-b%T|p9
请把这个句于泽成英语。 z|J_b"u4
3.S十V十O句式 ?=msH=N<l
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: J1U/.`Oy
I saw a film yesterday. M]
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我昨天看了一部电影。 *KF#'wi
Have you read the story? D/gw .XYL
你读过这个故事吗? 3pROf#M
They found their home easily. ub0.J#j@
他们很容易找到他们的家。 <NY^M!
They built a house last year. u~:y\/Y6
他们去年建了一所房子。 Y] _ruDIW
They've put up a factory in the village. 76Cl\rV
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Ta0|+IYk<
They have taken good care of the children. \:'/'^=#|
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 UgSB>V<?
You should look after your children well. | j`@eF/"
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 ~W'{p
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 mDABH@R
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: pj{`';
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He gave me a book/a book to me. [!uG1 GJ>
他给我一本书。 ek\ xx
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. /t57!&
他带给我一枝钢笔。 nNV'O(x}
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. _/$Bpr{R
他把座位让给我。 V7Lxfoa4
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 6vo;!V6
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. G6P?2@
妈妈给我买了一本书。 qJs<#MQ2
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 3
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 X/!o\yyT
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. UgNu`$m+
请帮我一下。 O,
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He asked me a question/a question of me. _ QI\
他问我个问题。 FaSf7D`C
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: PI)+Jr%L
They robbed the old man of his money. W
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他们抢了老人的钱。 zpZm&WC
He's warned me of the danger. U^%Q}'UYym
他警告我注意危险。 jl$ece5v
The doctor has cured him of his disease. Dlae;5D
医生治好了他的病。 *uf'zQ<9
We must rid the house of th erats. *8Xh(`
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 )3}9K
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They deprived him of his right to speak. Egp/f|y
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 , , OW
5.S十V十O十C句式 w^|*m/h|@u
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 61>.vT8P
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ,X-bJA@(
They made the girl angry. BC#C9|n
他们使这个女孩生气了。 NZLxHD]mp
They found her happy that day. xd?f2=dd~h
他们发现那天她很高兴。 +>{2*\cZ5}
I found him out. x(6SG+Kr
我发现他出去了。 .m,_N@,
I saw him in. { ]{/t-=
我见他在家。 EF[@$j
They saw a foot mark in the sand. i Dp)FQ$
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 dO<ERY
They named the boy Charlie. v6bGjVK[
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ]?kZni8j_
I saw him come in and go out. g0=z&2Q[_)
我见他进来又出去。 | `2RShu
They felt the car moving fast. *=/ { HvJ
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
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I heard the glass broken just now. )9{0]u;9
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 XFHYQ2ME2
He found the doctor of study closed to him. _~l5u8{^ 6
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。