该错题常考要点 HE(|x1C)j
一、代词 |lOxRUf~
代词中主要讲解六个问题 R8P7JY[h
(一) 掌握代词的几种格 f!a[+^RB:
主格、宾格、所有格 LOpnPH`
名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books) HGfV2FtT z
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(二) 反身代词 Pe8WBr;`
当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。 wO&`3Q3~$
He killed himself. (他自杀了) F7gipCc1We
He killed him. (他杀了他) f1(V~{N,+
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例:Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating 1%Xwk2l,8b
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a series of indicators that could help 6js94ko[
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themselves to predict earthquakes. *,5V;7O
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分析:D错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。 eyf\j,xP&
Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物 >Lp^QP1gU
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(三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
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在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。 3US}('
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例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies *`OgwMr)M
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the i71,
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Pacific. VXXo\LQUU
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分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。 l:mC'aR
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Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。 q+f]E&':
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如: HMGby
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Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品 u,e'5,`N
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例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined :W(3<D7\
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the word“normalcy”to express social and O4@sN=o
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economic conditions they promised the nation. `RDlk
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分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。 ktLXL;~X
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例:Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important @Aa$k:_
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work is not poetry, but his biography, John v(
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Keats, published the year of her death. ~l"70\&
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分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell. ` W$
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(四) Who和which的区别 Uf)?sz
which指代事物或者动物,who指代人
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who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物 D>M
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例:The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who d%_v
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account for approximately forty percent of the body weight. H&jK|]UXoO
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分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。 jn vJ`7zFP
人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明 )\!_`ob
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(五) that和which的区别 h(]aP<49L
介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外 nEu,1
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例:When television was first introduced, the extent to that it $;NxO0$
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would affect society could not have been foreseen. OAPR wOQ^=
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分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见
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(六) 定语从句的特殊省略 kBolDPvBG
Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why, ufF$7@(+
Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when xG sg
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I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world. :*
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way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which I^|6gaP|6
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例:Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly 2eErvfC[
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reason people take medicine is to relieve pain. r.1/*i
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分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能个饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略 oc.H}Eb%Z
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例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has b37F;"G
affected the way people in the United States----. lx9tUTaus/
(A) living and working r;:5P%:
(B) they live and work =7%1]
(C) live and work !ceT>i90h
(D) to live and to work Hc.r/
分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。 I|jGu9G
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二、介词 ,<iJ#$:
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介词是考试中出现的比较多的一个部分,而其中考的最多的就是介词的固定搭配问题。由于篇幅问题,我们在这里仅仅举出几个例题,在说明书手册中我们完整的列出了所有的介词搭配,这些列出的搭配在以前的语法题中出现过,只不过有的时候是正确的选项,有的时候重复考。 .b'o}DLa
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(一) 介词搭配 72rnMHq
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例:The teeth in the upper jaw function together those ,G2]3
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in the lower jaw to cut, tear, and grind food. TI
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分析:和…一起,应该为together with,C错 EOqvu=$6
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例:The Allegheny Mountain range is rich of coal. Ej
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分析:B错改为be rich in d=<"sHO
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例:The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible to the EW;R^?Z
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alternation of periods of light and darkness. *}BaO*A
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分析:C错,应改为responsible for。形容词responsible后接名词作宾语时要加介词for。 SplE
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(二) 最重要的两个介词 Af8&PhyrU
1、介词of 多余或者遗漏 \i
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例:Mosquitoes usually lay eggs, singly or in batches, on top stagnant water. /_Z--s>j
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分析:D错,应改为top of stagnant。on top of …是因定表达法,意为“在…上面”。 nC Mv&{~
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例:Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has #$h~QBg
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starred in stage, television, and film productions on T;6 VI|\
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both sides the Atlantic Ocean. F
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分析:D错,应改为sides of the。 sides为名词,the Atlantic Ocean也是名词,中间明显少了一个介词。 2qEm,x'S
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2、介词by j{)_&|^{
一种情况表示被动,be+过去分词+by <5qXC.{Cyp
另一种表示通过……的方式, by doing md`PRZzj@
例:The ceremony of marriage in the United States O 0Fw!IQk
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can be performed from a justice of the peace. ByR%2_6&
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分析:D错,应改为performed by。谓语动词是被动式,performed的动作执行者应该由介词by来引导。 jYAD9v%
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例:Along the east coast ,American Indian women's councils H38ODWO3
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could veto a declaration of war at refusing to
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supply moccasins and field rations. _tE`W96
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分析:D错,应改为by refusing。通过拒绝提供鞋子和粮食,表示通过某种方式做某事要用介词by,故将at refusing 改为by refusing。 Hm=!;xAFX
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例:Algebra is the branch of mathematics concerned with c`]_Q1'30w
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operations on sets of numbers or other elements -h&AO\*^W
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that are often represented at symbols. 1#H=<iJ
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分析:D错,应改为by。动作的发出者应该用介词by来引导。 t!MGSB~
三、谓语动词 hr9[$4'H
(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致 uW*)B_c
①、主谓分割原则 Q[t|+RNKv2
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, sqkk4w1#C
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America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom. {ETuaFDM
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分析:C错,应改为symbolizes。主语谓语用逗号分割开,主语the bald eagle为单数,谓语动词也应该用单数形式。 Y<lJj"G
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②、与后者一致原则 i
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not…but, 强调but后面的名词, 0fhz7\a^_<
not only…but also fi*@m,-
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③、与前者一致原则 9ohaU
名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词,谓语用is, 9r,)Bw!RP
中心词在前面,谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致 ~(W q 5<v
例:The athlete, together with his coach and +AGI)uQQ
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several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games. F Xbf7G)H
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分析:D错,与谓语动词与the athlete 保持一致,改为is
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④、就近原则 [I*zZ`
or, either…or, neither…nor, HE>6A|rgDr
单数名词+or+复数名词+are {G _ :#cep
如果把句子变为一般疑问句,也就是把be动词提到前面,那么变为is `;?`XC"m
所以注意一点: 如果是陈述句,靠后面近,用复数 QahM)Gb
如果是疑问句,靠前面近,用单数 cj=6_k
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例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are oHo@rGU
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amazingly complex for single-celled animals. g<ZB9;FX %
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分析:A错,应改为and。从谓语动词是复数形式判断,主语应该为复数,or连接两个名词时动词和后面的名词保持一致,behavior是用单数形式,因此只有改为并列连词and才能使主谓在数上保持一致。 &-l(nr]h]
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⑤定语从句主语就近原则 y2nwDw(xF
There are five apples that are red. 1?6zsA%N
apples是复数,因此从句谓语动词是复数。 bq+Q$#F2X
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例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets Cp[{|U-?G
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carry a supply that last just a few seconds. ExJch\
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分析:D错,应改为lasts。从句的逻辑主语a supply为单数,其谓语动词应为单数形式。 ZA1u
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⑥the +形容词主谓一致 S.iCkX
The rich are not always happier than the poor. [PRQa[_
The rich 表示一类人,应该用复数 i
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⑦、倒装句的主谓一致 Zndv!z
改错题倒装句的主谓一致一般考两种情况: Ms
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a. there be 句型 ;s$bVGHr
there be+名词+名词,那么最近的名词决定其形式 @d/Wa=K
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名词,名词其实是主语,所以be和名词保持一致 &_1Ivaen6
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例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate. :h(r2?=7
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分析:there be 句型由最近的名词决定其形式,society当然用单数,A错,there are 改为there is zJxO\
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例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific >I*Qc<X91
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Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 6/4?x)l3-
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miles in width. px7<;(I
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分析:倒装句,are改为is koTb{U L
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例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and QP%*`t?
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Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film |o5F%1o
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presented on the five-story-tall screen. p%?VW
分析:D错,应改为films , 主语实际上是名词,应该与谓语动词保持一致。 kr=&x)Wy!
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⑧、百分比结构的主谓一致 yn;sd+:z
fifty percent of + 名词 ~"t33U6
one percent of + 名词 / }tMb
谓语动词的形式和百分比多少没有关系,主要取决于后面的名词,比如: ?)2&L
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one percent of my students + are |J_kS90=
fifty percent of my time is spent on working. 'u)zQAaw.
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这里要强调两个结构 Z~WUILx,
half of =fifty percent kzUP
most of + 可数名词 + are 1638U1
most of + 不可数名词+ is u*:;O\6l
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例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been *w/})Y3^
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found in central and eastern Canada. DNu^4#r
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分析:C错,应改为have been。介词of的宾语为复数名词短语,作主语的中心词half当然表复数,相应的谓语动词应为复数形式。 =MP?aH
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例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized }CoR$K
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in the United States are for foods and beverages. 6')pM&`t
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分析:A错,应改为packages。从谓语动词用复数形式判断出主语是复数名词。注意food用复数表示不同种类的食品,beverage用复数表示不同种类的饮料,故(C)、(D)均没有错。 l^ Q-KUI
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(二) 谓语动词的时态 c-dOb.v0
①、主要考察时间状语 tzKIi_2
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例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century. |v[0(
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分析:Metal, aluminum同位语,in the nineteenth century为明显表示过去时间的状语, 因此应该用过去时态,把has been改为was >&mNC\PA
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②、For和since的区别 +li<y`aw0
区别一:For 后面使用时间段,since 后面使用时间点 v *pN~}5
区别二:Since 只能用在现在完成时态,For 最主要用在现在完成时和一般过去时 -F+
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I has been a teacher for three years. LMF@-j%
I has been a teacher since 1996. :nYnTo`
I was a teacher for three years. 这种表达可以,for three years表示一段时间,was 表示过去做了三年,现在不是老师了 w
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例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became f
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the primary responsibility of the president.
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分析:A错,应改 In. since一般要求主句用完成时态,而句中谓语动词为过去式,其时间状语应与之呼应,故改Since为In。 "k0b j>
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例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of 2%|0c\y|z=
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the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years. ^~iFG+g5
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分析:D错,应改为for。since引导时间状语时,主句谓语动词为一般完成时;主句谓语动词为一般过去时要用介词for;而且一段时间用for, 而不是since。 wOlnDQs
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52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams. MPtn$@
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自然现象和客观事实用一般现在时态,live r&MHww1i
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(三) 谓语的语态 rmzM}T\20
语态主要表示是主动语态还是被动语态。 4dB6
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有四组动词是改错题中常考的: g}
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①、prove X:un4B}O
My advice proved to be wrong. 我的建议被证明是错的 ~"Kf
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尽管是被证明,但习惯上用主动; @jKiE%OP
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例:A majority of the reports received from people claiming @AvDV$F
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to have seen the legendary Loch Ness Monster have proven to be a/nKKhXaM
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mistakes, misconceptions, or they were being tricked. &sbKN[x M
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分析:D错,应改为tricks。并列连词 or在此连接名词,如果把D理解为并列句,不仅时态不对,语义也有问题,故将整个句子改为名词。have proven to be是正确的。 7M|!N_ $
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②、Locate,Situate yR`X3.:*]
这两个词可以用作主动,表示把…放置在…地方;确定…的位置 !vaS fL*]
Bats locate obstacles.蝙蝠确定障碍物的位置 ,t2yw
这两个词也可以用作被动 @scy v@5)F
My school was located near the river. AM[#AZv
区分locate的主动和被动比较难,但是有一个技巧存在:locate如果用作主动,后面必须跟宾语 3N5un`K7
例:The center of gravity of the human body ---- behind the hip joint. H/rJ:3
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(B)locating a5)<roWQ
(C)to locate ,n}h_ct
(D)is located y@T0
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分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词,故首先排除不能作谓语的B和C。动词locate后面没有宾语,所以用作被动,表示“位于”,所以D为正确选项。 S
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③、表示需要概念的动词
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need, want, require等 3:S>MFRn.3
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My watch needed repairing $N}nO:`t
My watch needed to be repaired. ~]d3
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④、表示人的情感的动词 Q^B !^_M
move, annoy, surprise, please等 D~(f7~c%
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He is so moving. 他令人感到感动。 <\9M+
He is greatly moved. 他感到非常感动。 3eg)O34
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主动和被动技巧总结: vC#
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如果句子中有一个“过去分词+by”, 如果断定它是谓语的话,前面必然有be动词 gsSUm f1
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例:The Tennessee Valley Authority has chartered by the >" z$p@7
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United States Congress in 1933 to construct dams, zL%ruWNG
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power structures, and flood-control works along ^z _m<&r
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the Tennessee River and its tributary streams. jQV.U~25Q
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分析:A错,应改为has been chartered。由信号词by可知前面的谓语动词为被动语态形式。 Q!T+Jc9N
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四、非谓语动词 KiaQ^[/q
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(一) 分词 #cF ?a5
现在分词和过去分词的区别 Mqk[+n
①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 hk7kg/"
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例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then G(*7hs
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struggled to establish its own economic and financial system. ?S~@Ea8/M
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分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning gWK N C
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②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动 yf/c
例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in M#5*gWfq9
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the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands. KsG>,#
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分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living <:YD.zAh|
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一些动词后面必须用doing 8va&*J?
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对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。 A:JWUx
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, Sd\+f6x
advocate, suggest *
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delay, quit 4pw:O^v
forgive(原谅),tolerate, x#0B
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avoid, escape(逃避) M9J^;3Lrh
spend+名词+doing; q*36/I
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing D,)^l@UP
Z,ZebS@yG
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their M)T {6w
A B C D /U1 jCLR'
crops. h=`1sfz
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。 d O' apey
j1hx{P'
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks, [ ]LiL;A&
A B w*3DIVlxL
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War. I$#)k^Q
C D Ac@zTK6>
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing } F; Nh7?
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(二) 不定式 {k#RWDespy
A. 动词不定式的省略 Db5y";T
①、help后面可以省略to 1M
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help do 6?X)'
help sb. to do RgQ;fYS
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例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid f|&ga'5g&
A B >FRJvZ6
the habits that might shorten the lives. CaV>\E)
C D JL7"}^
分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。 wV,l }Xb-
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②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个 .bT|:Q~@{
make, ~_YU%y
let, ?g5u#Q>!
have sb. do sth J|Xu]fg0
注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth. ?R;K`f9<
例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians 52L* :|b
A B 51\N+
to know when to play various parts of a composition.
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C D )7j CEA03
分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know WRWcB
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③、感官动词 b)eKa40Z
hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe t#
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see sb do sth. 强调过程 \40d?N#D
see sb doing sth 正在做某事 N]k(
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B. 动词不定式的固定用法 r:&"#F
(1)表示第一人 XgfaTX*
the first woman to do sth. y8{PAH8S
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(2)表示迫使的动词 wK7wu.
一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do /cy'% .!
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例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis XQ{G
)
A B >}43xIRRCq
allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth. WG{mg/\2(C
C D 4<['%7U_[
分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。 *hT1_
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(3)表示倾向…的形容词 *hHy>(*
be more likely to do 更有可能作某事 V0gk8wD
be inclined to do倾向于做某事 ;?y*@*2u
be lieable to do 易于…的 7H-,:8
be apt to do }@*Me+
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(4)表示目的的名词, 2o`a^'Iw
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。 1GnT^u y
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固定的句式: u#8J`%g
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth. Ufz& 2
the objective 目标 {QTrH-C
aim >A$J5B>d
goal H?M#7K~[
reason理由 )
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function功能 zFjG20w%3g
intension意图 o|7]8K=
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例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing 9})!~r;|
A !@ml^&hP
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. 7-
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分析:the function to provide, A错 Hp_3BulS<
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例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
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A G
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and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds rO%
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B wSp1ChS k
that make up various components of a living cell. krTH<- P
C D 4-`C !q
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错 X6mY#T'fQ
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(5) 其他同根名词 k/vE|
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 m:<cLc :.
attempt to do 企图 4A%O`&eZ
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 tr2@{xb
ambition, _9E7;ew
be ambitious to do Hw34wQX
effort EA4aZ6%
cpB$b C](
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation {A4"KX(U
A B KIdlndGs
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions. 9)sGnD;
C D lhAwTOn`Q
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。 ?Zu=UVb
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例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great "])X0z yM
A B Wx"bW ICc
efforts for registering members of minorities to vote. Vw=e C"
C D )'M<q,@<(
分析:efforts to register, C错 MP?9k )f
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C. 动词不定式的其他用法
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(1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴 3A]Y=gfa
She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock. xfqgK D>
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(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时 dc_^
I am glad to see you. VB*$lxX
I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday. 3*64)Ol7t]
yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen. \uQB%yMoz
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(3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动 #"%oz^~\
It is difficult to decide. T30!'F(*,
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五、句子的结构 ?Jm/v%0O
句子的结构主要考查四个出题方向。 ~\}%6W[2
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(一) 主语的重复 ow]S 3[07
名词+代词+谓语,这个代词永远是重复的主语,永远是错的 g=Q#2/UQ<
例:Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any ZT95g
A B {w}PV5<
compromises concerning the establishment of the 8(q4D K\5u
C D %Y:'5\^lC
League of Nations. #z-6mRB
分析:代词he不是同位语,主语重复;如果是下面这样的主语,那么便是主语同位语 Yn[y9;I{
A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson {%^q8l4j
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例:Two unique features of the Arctic they are ,sP7/S)FR
A B c^}gJ
lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. F N;X"it.
C D 8V`r*:\
分析:选项B中的they和前面的主语two unique features重复 E {4/$}
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(二)谓语的重复 0!o&=Qh
完整的句子后面又多了一个谓语,往往改为定语从句 }7+G'=XI/
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例:A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of 0^*4LM|z
A B rr'RX
one or more sentences related to the same idea. \;I%>yOIu
C D ?%i|].<-'
分析:B错,应改为consisting of或which consists of。句中有两个无法连接的谓语动词,而且前一个谓语动词下面没有划线,故改consists为非谓语动词形式或在它前面加which使之成为从句谓语动词。 ;VeC(^-eh6
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(三)谓语的缺少 iE':
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例:Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body [mJcc
A B M '$n".,p
temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. eEb(TG~,Y
C D 0qnToV;
分析:A错,应改为maintain。句中缺谓语动词,故去掉不定式符号to 使maintain变成谓语动词。 !3v!BJ#+,&
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(四)主句的重复 :@KWp{ D7
主句的重复总是考even, instead, during, despite等引导的句子, 但是实际上它们无法把两个句子连接起来,因为它们都是副词或者介词,连接两个句子应该用连接词连接 *eH[~4
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例:Salmon spend most of their adult lives in salt water, despite aU<0<Dx
A B C 36@)a5
they return to their freshwater birthplaces to spawn and die. UaiDo"i
D J)oa:Q
分析:C错,应改为though。despite是介词,后面一般接名词作宾语,而在句中它后面却跟着一个完整的句子,所以改为连词though。 MScjq
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例:Solar eclipses occur during the Moon's shadow Z=|:D,&
A B H|tbwU)J
sweeps across the face of the Earth. f7)}A/$4+
C D kn 5q1^
分析:B错,应改为when或as。介词不能引导条件状语从句,根据题意改为从属连词when或as。 T|GRkxd,E3
^SpD) O{
例:Even many early leaders of the United States have provided 8b8ui
A B Mc>]ZAz r
names for towns, only George Washington /i"vEI
C kpsus \T
is remembered in the name of a state. 30-XFl
D HTao)`.
分析:A错,应改为Even though。even为副词,不能引导从句,根据题意,改为引导让步状语从句的Even though。 FTI[YR8?Y
六、比较级和最高级 >:4}OylhM
比较级和最高级的出题非常有规则,一共有5个出题方向,并且每次考试必然考两个 bLUn>ch
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(一) 比较级或最高级形式上的重复 S)Sv4Qm
例:The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which 3;Kv9i<~LE
A ,
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involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. ,'v ]U@WK
B C D Lfx&DK !
分析:A错,应改为easiest。easiest本身已是最高级,不必再用most,这是最高级形式上的重复 5rRYv~+
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(二)比较级和最高级之间的混用 ` :eXXE
例:The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. GM%%7 ^uE
A B C D kIWQ
_2
分析:B错,应改为most plentiful。 plentiful是多音节形容词,须在前面加most构成最高级。 %*>=L$A
2>l4$G0
例:The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere |GM?4'2M.
A B C D c}kZx1
is the grizzly bear. cod__.
分析:A错,应该用最高级most,含有介词of, among, in 表示的范围状语使用最高级。 oFB~)}f<v
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(三)比较词than的前面一定要有比较级 ;:,
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改错题中,通常会看见than前面有一个原级 }26?bd@e`
+[:"$?J
例:Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with bq/m?;
A B
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concepts of time and space than stage directors can. ?lW-NPr
C D Vz6p^kMB
分析:B错,应改为greater。根据后面有than一词可以判定前面的形容词用比较级形式,注意far, much 修饰比较级。 }-?_c#G3
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(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使用形容词原级 q4'szDYO2
as sweeter as, 这是不对的,应改为as sweet as 6My=GByC
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(五)the 和比较级最高级的关系 wi^zXcVj
①、比较级前面可以出现the, 修饰后面的名词 7nM]E_
the taller boy
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②、副词的最高级加不加the均可以 )w(-Xc?P
例:Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed 7ZarXv
z
A B !2R~/Rg
prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is I4{uw ge
abundant, and humidity is moderate. 7s@%LS
C D d.Wq@(ZoA
分析:副词的最高级加不加the均可, 所以A正确,从从句的主语可以看出,B应该改为they d/5i4g[q
8*z)aB&f3
③、形容词的最高级作定语前面必须使用the, 如果不作定语的话,加不加the均可以 qPqpRi
例:Of all the Native Americans in the United States, Qz)1wf'y
A B C .|W0B+Z8
the Navajos form largest group. f'&30lF
D H8.Aq\2S
分析:D错,应改为form the largest。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词。 ;D.a |(Q
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陷阱1, earliest, 有两种可能, NwPGH=V
一种可能是early的最高级,最早的语言,the earliest language qd$Y"~Mco
另一种可能作名词,表示早期,必须和时间的名词连用,earliest time, earliest ages, 表示很早的年代,很早的时代,也就是说,如果以后碰上earliest后面加上times, ages, 前面不用加the =v^LShD2^
u~SvR~OE
例:The belief in fairies have existed from earliest times, and the literature of many $>Md]/I8
A B C WqQAt{W/<
countries includes tales of fairies and their relationship to humans. RW| LL@r
D RhwqAok|lj
分析:A错,应改为has existed。主语是单数名词the belief,而不是复数名词fairies,故谓语动词是单数形式。earliest times表示表示很早的时代是正确的。 3ht>eaHi
S:!gj2q9|
陷阱2,如果最高级前面有所有格的话,不用加the 3j<:g%5
例如:my best friends `
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例:Salt Lake City, Utah's capital and largest city, is industrial R>Q&Ax
A B C @c3GJ'"X
and banking center. Ck
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D _cPGS=Ew
分析:C错,应改为is an industrial center。center为可数名词,它的修饰词前面应有不定冠词。 ((K
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Utah's largest city, 题目中其实是省略了Utah's。 U~9Y9qzy,
Kf=6l#J7
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例:Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently in sedimentary f@JMDJ
A IQz"FH?
formations, where they interrupt previously continuous layers. bUv}({
B C D VycCuq&M
分析:A错,are的表语必须用evident, 为什么不加the, 因为作表语,而不是定语 x?10^~R
I^}q;L![\
七、平行结构 +Cs[]~
改错题考的最多的一个方向便是平行结构 ;4(ULJ*
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(一) 对等连接词 Tt;h?
一共有三类连接平行结构的词 \\ZR~f!<
单一式: and, or ,but @*Y"[\ "$
相关式: both…and, not … but, 8x)&4o@
either …or, neither…nor rC !!X
the same…as;as…as, not so…as, not as…as ;)nkY6-
such …as, so …that.. too…to, from…to, from…until, Q:L^DZkGV
没有so...as... /z=xEnU#
between…and, a:q>7V|%$
not only…but also(also可以省略),Not only +主谓,also dM-qd`
not only…but also(also可以省略)+as well, iX&eQ{LB
]n \Qa
短语式: as well as mB\)Q J.%
rather than (而不是) dmR>u
other than (除…之外) Etj0k}
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instead of (代替) 0 _n
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考试的方式往往是搭配中有一个单词是对的,另一个单词却不对 z`Jcpt
例:John lived in New York since 1960 to 1975, 5SB!)F]
A B &b__/o
but he is now living in Detroit. |>Ld'\i8
C D c 5%uiv]
分析:B错,应改为from。“从某年到某年”要用“from…to…”这个表达法,不能用since …to…。 ]NEr]sc-"F
u# TNW.
例:Even as he wrote copiously on so diverse topics a<NZC
A B 2iWSk6%R
as education ,politics ,and religion ,Lewis Mumford ShIJ6LZ
remained active in city and regional planning. M1mx {<]A
C D *2T"lpl
分析:B错, 改为such diverse topics as, 出现as, 往往要注意前面一半 F HK{cE
(二)平行的内容 3LkcK1x.
第一、引导词性的平行,词性的平行本质上是语法作用的平行 ke)}JU^"
例:Photoperiodism is the functional or behavioral response of ^\f1zg9I
A B R<<