考博英语改错练习 NO.3

句子结构的错误 K
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在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 %d /]8uO  
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： Q{~;4+ZD  
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例 1 %B\VY+  

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Computer analyzed marketing reports can help @J6V,  
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deciding which products to emphasize now, which )1<GSr9  
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to develop for the future, and which to be dropped.                 1.__________ w=~X6[+3  
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 <JW%h :\t  
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例 2 _V3}F1?W  
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When we consider the comfortable circumstances $Ut1vp1$  
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of a working family today, the life of the workingman
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in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had WT1d'@ LY  
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been ever hard.                                                   1.__________ t ;t;+M|W  
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根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 ~vMJ?P@  
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例 3 -s7a\H{~  
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century working "?'9\<>  
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hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, HzAw rC
  
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and working conditions being poor and dangerous.                   1.__________ H^jc Wwy:  
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在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。 $Q=S`z=  

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例 4 )eH?3""  
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However, a second person thought that this was 
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more a question of civilized behavior as good                         1.__________ ?2K~']\S  
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manners. VwT&A9&{8  
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“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 ;b
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练习题 Ba76~-gK$  
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1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the -9R.mG  
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small college allows the student four years of structural Sre:l'
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living in which to expect and preparing for the real world.             1.__________ \\Nt^j3qR  
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2 In making his choice among educational institutions YOtzja]~  
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the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. qKs"L^b  
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Going to school is part of the socialization process, [!4V_yOb  
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and so going to the movies.                                         2.__________ jI WX6  
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3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the LtK,
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eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid *\^(-p~M  
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itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was               3.__________ ;s5JYR  
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apparent. K\5/||gi  
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4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it               4.__________ Tlk!6A:  
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suddenly began to rain. `bZgw  
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5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that             5.__________ 1c4:'0  
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among the 40 people there are only two women. =@MJEo`D  
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6 Women members are so less than members that we               6.__________ I~,bZA  
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again think of the outdated prejudice that women are L!~ap  
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inferior in intelligence. Eopb##o  
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7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you C9eisUM  
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are reading English books is to try to remember many               7.__________ {N@Pk[!  
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words as you can. CM)
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8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen               8.__________ j2mMm/kq\  
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on my way to work. M0%nGpVj>  
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9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his               9.__________ c-4z8T#M^  
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wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. Q<(aU{  
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10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel N:,V{Pw  
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undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed GK#D R/OM  
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for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas.                 10.__________ (R(NEN  
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答案解析： [~?6jnp  
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1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 ?i}wm`  
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2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 muO;g&  
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3.but→and。 )2r_EO@3HP  
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4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 >Fc=F#tA9  
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5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 !0cb f&^:  
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6.less→fewer。 p&HkR^.S  
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7.many前加as。 ZOL#Q+ U  
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8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。 ]jV1/vJ-!  
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9.where→that。 bbWW|PtWwP  
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10.删除to。

good

very good!

很有价值，谢谢！

太厉害了

very helpful, thanks for sharing.

谢谢分享

谢谢分享 谢谢

真的不错

感谢分享！