句子结构的错误 oo|Nu+
在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。
t? Q
ie7P^: T|+
下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： S2EV[K8 #
63kZ#5g(Dw
[ ^gb6W9Y
N'Vj& DWC
例 1 e^U UR-K%
y w:=$e5
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help z pg512\y
q
yjVB/ko
deciding which products to emphasize now, which ~Xc1y!"9*
#I#_gjJkx
to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ er<_;"`1
XpPcQIM*
$F6GCM3Cx
|}@teN^J*U
本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 lU.aDmy<
sn+ kFvk}S
VUD9ZyPw
?gCP"~
例 2 CKX3t:HP0
_p<wATv?7t
When we consider the comfortable circumstances j{@li1W
@
]'Gz~Z%>F
of a working family today, the life of the workingman pv^: G;
+9M";'\c
in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had a[=ub256S
A2.4#Qb'
been ever hard. 1.__________ mqDI'~T9 u
~SI G0U8
T%E/k#
)q
_jaB[Q=By
根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 '@ 1C$0tx
N w/it
*f
VdGpreRPC
#V
y:6O
例 3 p9&gKIO_m
Lc( eY{CY
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working BY@l:y4
W *2P+H%
hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful,
)!FheoR
BC#O.93`
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________ /)sP<WPQ 6
r-a0XNS*
ei~f1$zc#h
Nnfq!%
在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。 Z_mQpt|y
83 VFBY2q
@QE&D+NS
D58RHgY[
例 4 %q6I-
WwUHHm<v
However, a second person thought that this was AuY*x;~
o
^ 08<
more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ ^-F#"i|Cn
G[n;%c~`+
manners. E`]un .
0n\AUgVPF
&#OF,_6"m
+^%)QH>9
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 uH#X:Vne
dJ>tM'G
]`|;ZQiD
练习题 (0Jr<16si$
o\fPZ`p-m~
u /xP$
QHd |cg
1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the .N7&Jy
tH:?aP*2
small college allows the student four years of structural V0n8fez
b
-b34 Wz(
living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ Swgvj(y;!A
ZgmK~iJ
5@n |uJA
w
^:@g~
2 In making his choice among educational institutions O%<+& Q7
3@* ~>H
the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors. Wxgs66
Q+'fT mT[,
Going to school is part of the socialization process, -6^Ee? "
WGo ryvEx
and so going to the movies. 2.__________ BF" eVKA
To-$)GQ@W
BWr!K5w>i
|BO5
<`&I
3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the m" o=R\C
Ifq|MZ\
eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid k8cR`5 @PK
)-1$y+s>
itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ #nKGU"$+
3Q,p ,
apparent. % QaWg2Y=
v4\
m9Pu4
WK.,q>#
YP{mzGdE&
4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________ FH;)5GGnv
@s\}ER3
suddenly began to rain. 2O2d*Ld>
Z
eWst w7
o/!a7>xO4
PG'I7)Bv
5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ 6X$\:>
u ;8bbv 4
among the 40 people there are only two women. :m(" oC@}
sB01 QVx47
;bq
EfV0`2
, qhv(
6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ ?_/T$b ]
WW~QK2o-@
again think of the outdated prejudice that women are k59.O~ 0V
EtcX zq>w
inferior in intelligence. 2f 9%HX(5
%'dsb7n
PmDar<m
3<6P^p=I
7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you zx5t
gZd,N
8S
Ma5a{
are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________ %W$?*Tm
e 1K{*h
words as you can. GZ"J6/0-|
$EuI2.o
O[&G6+
71Mk!E=1
8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ T <ekDhlr
cU r'mb
on my way to work. <1E* wPm8
m g4: N
TM$`J
!rgdOlTR ^
9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ {\-IAuM
RIxGwMi%
wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. XZ&q5 ]PJI
uY=}w"Db
?gOZY\[ma
(g]J hG
10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel _p=O*$b.
_&6&sp<n
undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed !/MHD
1PJ8O|Z t8
for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ Wtwh.\Jba
Flzl,3rW4
Y$?<y
geu8$^
.pQ4# AJ
#~^Y2-C#
答案解析： ~;0J 4hR
= -dk@s
B? r [|
M&iA^Wrs
1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 C0F#PXU y
0SBiMTm
$=GZ"%ED
:kDHwYv$
2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 @OlV6M;qJ
T7=~l)I
I)Dd"I
"p~1| ?T
3.but→and。 4W9#z~'
W=R u? sG=
YRYAQj/7
^ L(}c O
4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 m4 ~Co*]w
l1\/ `
n^ ;:V8k
6XO%l0dC.
5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 ; w,g|=RQ
3cNF^?\=
<=*xwI&q
6t|FuTC
6.less→fewer。 <[2 ]p\rj
6U k[_)1
\KmjA )(
MH`H[2<\!,
7.many前加as。 sV
/#P<9
D84`#Xbi
`<h}Ygo>k/
)A a98Eu?2
8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。 kn_%'7
9KVeFl
AAkdwo
}*m:zD@8$
9.where→that。 R ;^ [4<&
W
xyQA:3s
ul+
+h4N
l
t
r =_
10.删除to。
