句子结构的错误 |0$7{nQ
在英语中按句型来说可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种，从结构上来说又可以分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种。句子的结构错误是构成句子完整结构的某一成分用错或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的错误类型。由于英语语法和汉语语法特点在结构上表现得十分明显，主、谓、宾结构在数、格、人称上的一致、连接手段的正确使用以及词序安排等，都与汉语有着相当大的差异，因此在改错中也是一大难点。句子结构错误类型包括：句子类型使用错误、句子成分短缺、平行结构错误以及词组搭配使用错误。 a "
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下面通过一些例题来进行具体讲解： g93H l&
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例 1 I.{%e;Reg
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to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________ ;GZ/ V;S
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本句中三个平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 结构模式应该一致，均采用不定式主动语态，因而 to be dropped 应改为 to drop 。 )|`w;F>
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例 2 ]_mcJ/6:
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of a working family today, the life of the workingman
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in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had _)-y&
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根据上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句显然是将 1882 年以前的生活与 1882 年时的生活作比较，所以此处 hard 应该改为 harder 。 \ 3F OI
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例 3 LNI]IITx /
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在该句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三个小分句为并列结构关系，因此必须保持成分和结构上的一致性，故应该将 being 改为 were 。 +hz S'z)n&
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例 4 6/l{e)rX2o
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However, a second person thought that this was al {}p
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more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________ 0qhSV B5
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manners.
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“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“与其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思；没有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故应该将 as 改为 than 。 2/.I6IbL
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练习题 m5KAKpCR,
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1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the L6IF0`M<,I
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living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________ <6 [P5>
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and so going to the movies. 2.__________ aH+n]J]
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3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the \V/;i.ng
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itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________ Z9vJF.clO
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5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________ - D-]tL6w
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6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________ &Y/Myh[P
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8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________ w?LDaSz\t
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9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________ viP.G/(\]
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wallet which contained ＄ 1,000 in it. ",hPy[k
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10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel tf5h/:
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undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed jBO/1h=
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for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________ ^D=1%@l?#
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答案解析：
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1.preparing→prepare。属于平行结构中的动词错误。在并列连词and前后显然要有形式一致的动词，但前面没有与preparing呼应的现在分词（注：同行中的living是in which中which的先行词，故一定是名词，而不是现在分词——这是词形表面上的干扰），故只能改动preparing使之与前面的动词不定式expect一致，这里也有考生将preparing改为prepares，用意是与句中谓语动词allows一致，但要注意，句中不定式expect是及物动词，它的宾语是“the real world”，必须与prepare for共享。 M$9?
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2.so后面加is。该句是一个并列句，第一个分词结构是完整的，主语由动名词“going to school”担当，第二个分词表语部分与前面相同。为避免重复，而使用代词so，但是谓语不能省略，必须加上is才是完整的结构。 8K]5fkC|
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3.but→and。 1 ^x "P #u
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4.when→than。“no sooner…than…”和“hardly…when…”是固顶结构，相互之间不能交换使用。 |B<;4ISaRI
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5.that→what。该句结构比较复杂，前面整个句子作为主语，但是that不能作为主语从句的主语成分，因此改成what。 YT*_
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8.when→that。因为该句是一个强调句，所强调成分的代词除了在所强调成分为“人”时使用who或者that的情况外，一律使用that。 ;*H@E(g
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9.where→that。 3Uy4 8ue
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10.删除to。
