介词短语 {ZdF6~+H(!
-k:x e:$
(:]+IjnE
/:!l&1
l:p
介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。 qHheF%[\5
oP
T)vN?
这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有: : &n
F>
0nBDF79
·with+名词+分词 I5QtPqB>
2z$!}
·with+名词+介词 }(DH_0
LPs5L
E[Pm
·with+名词+形容词 L%3Bp/`S
,cS_687o
·with+名词+动词不定式 eB_r.R{
/kw;q{>?o
这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。 r9!s@n
uzmYkBv
,B_tAg4~
T.')XKP)1N
(一)with十名词十分词的结构 ~z]VDEJ{q
hbr3.<o1lY
这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。 !;vv-v,LQ
@PLJ)RL
(1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line. vf#d
0WKS
正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语) cX4]ViXSr
{_L l'S
?*xH
HI/
oP4+:r)LKD
(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives. 3` oOoKX
\RPwSx
我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。) z$d<ep{6
."O%pL]!/b
XR[=W(m}
Olh{<~Fv
(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long. @OFx
nF`
\G)F*
随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语) h~CLJoK<
75>Ok /
-r3
s{HO
Uey'c1
(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation. QX<x2U
)u=W?5%=}
这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。) 79d(UG'O
WK7?~R%rq
g3{UP]Z71
k 9z9{
(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off. `=,emP&(H&
s/C'f4
底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。) _'L16@q
idX''%"
hh%?E\qM
kmt1vV.9
(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged. #)]t4wa_W
m~Q24Z]!'&
冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语) 5dE=M};v
^i!6z2/
Hk h'h"_r
Myiv#rQ)
(二)with+名词十介词的结构 iT,7jd?6#
w(
XZSE
(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible. 4sn\UuKyL
x(eX.>o\
麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语) e3 :L]4t
~eoM
2XlW
<.gDg?'3
m}=E$zPbO
(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it. 9jEH"`qqk
YE{t?Y\5
在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。) >,]8iMh
H;=Fq+
p`c_5!H
E
BBd
(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion. Cgh84
2%
wT::b V{
力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。) zp1ym}9M
bG@2f"
<]LljTm`i
e}d(.H%l0
(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons. RLnL9)`W
uu,F5<y[
碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。) 0C/ZcfFU~
jj2\;b:a0
!#O
[RS
wLXJ?iy3
(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age. M]/aW
}a6t <m`V
火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。) cpltTJFg
l_+@Xpl
`9J9[!+!`
tZ9i/ =S
(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face. 1Qf}nWy
gtA34iw
在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。) K?!qNK
s51$x M
+hmFFQQ}
S v>6:y9?G
(三)with+名词+形容词的结构 e}e8
WR=B
x 6`!
(1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons. FoyYWj?,R
cj8cV|8@
我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。(with+名词十形容词的复合结构,起定语作用,修饰radiations。) zzQWHg]/
fo@^=-4A-
St-
uE|8
A]/o-S_
(2)In simple harmonic motion,where there is no damping,the energy of the vibrating particle changes from kinetic to potential and back,with the total energy constant. ~-BF7f6C
lrT2*$ w3
在没有阻力的简谐运动中,振动质点的能量由动能变为势能,或由势能变为动能,但总能量不变。(with十名词十形容词的复合结构在句中有结果状语的意味。) 37/n"\4
yJm"vN
]yU"J:/
0Z9DewwP
(3) An uncharged object contains a large number of atoms, each of which normally contains an equal number of electrons and protons,but with some electrons temporarily free from atoms. <=q}
Nd\
G21o@38e
不带电的物体含有大量原子,每个原子通常含有等量的电子和质子,但是有一些电子暂时脱离了原子的束缚。(with+名词+形容词的复合结构,对句子起补充说明作用。) z*eBjHbF
$RaN@& Wm
+T+@g8S
FRBu8WW0L
(4) And with water present the chances of finding some sort of life on Mars are much brighter, 'x!\pE-
V)`2Kw
介词短语 pN%&`]Wev
Z4j
6z>q E
K9lgDk"i
yw3"jd
cl
介词是学习英语的难点之一,特别在阅读过程中是一个“拦路虎”。介词短语是构成长难句的一个重要因素。介词短语可用作定语、状语、表语和补足语。介词可与动词、名词、形容词等连用。 |"3<\$[
G'ykcB._
这里特别指出一种介词复合结构,with(without)构成的复合结构,这种复合结构的形式有: du3f'=q6|
>Jz9wo`
·with+名词+分词 IHl q27O
5'~_d@M
·with+名词+介词 SUncQJJ0S*
n|SV)92o1
·with+名词+形容词 k_al*iM>H
Hcq.Lq;2:
·with+名词+动词不定式 Mqf Ns<2
Ccf/hA#mb
这种结构在句中起状语、定语作用,或用来对句子或某一成分作补充说明。在这种结构中,with没有实际词意。在翻译时可把名词和其后的介词短语或形容词当作主语和表语的关系来处理;把名词和其后的分词或动词不定式当作主语和谓语关系来处理。 XpIiJry!6
wbO6Ag@))
|?` 5 ~f
h
vd}l8
(一)with十名词十分词的结构 lfGyK4:
`BPTcL<W
这种结构在英语中可称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语或状语。在科技文章中常用来对句子或某个成分作补充说明。 w2)Ro:G
uy'ghF
(1) If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever,coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line. 5gszAvOO
XH:*J+$O
正在运动的某一物体,如果没有受到任何外力触动,它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件状语) NWB
YpGZx
"n-'?W!
Kz4S6N c
)
nfoDG#O
(2)The light we see,with its colors ranging from deep red to deep violet,serves us in our daily lives. `+JFvn!
!*IMWm>
我们看到的从深红色到深紫色的光,在日常生活中为我们服务。(作非限定性定语,修饰light。) G7-Be
A8
l.[pnL D
+Q*`kg'
XX;4A
(3)With more experimenting being doing every year,much of photosythesis will certainly be known before very long. bdUPo+
)^h6'h`
随着每年所进行的实验增多,可以肯定,不久将会对光合作用了解得更多。(条件状语) ?Cq7_rq
Z
O}Og&%
l?Y^3x}j
0bNvmZ$
(4)The article deals with microwaves,with particular attention being paid to radiolo cation. H^_,e= j
tiK?VwaKI
这篇文章是研究微波的,其中特别注意无线电定位问题。(with...10cation是分词复合结构,在句中作补充说明。) fGgt[f[
4 p_C+4
(iIw}f)w
'Pz%c}hJ
(5)The bottom layer is solid bedrock,with it supper edges slowly decomposing,or decaying,and flaking off. JFq
wC=-
Er~ 17$b
底层是坚硬的基岩,它最上面的边缘在慢慢地分解、腐蚀和剥落。(非限定性定语,修饰Solidbedrock。) $o6/dEKQ
C3A
WXO ^
,m=F
H?5
~iw&^p|=K
(6)Ice,of relative density 0.9,floats in water with ninetenth submerged. yr]ja-Y
LyUn!zV$(
冰的比重为0.9,它浮在水面上时,9/10淹没在水里。(方式方法状语) <sdgL+&1h
urp|@WZ
c,UJ uCZ
" T(hcI
(二)with+名词十介词的结构 SNEhP5!
pA7-B>Y
(1)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible. Z['.RF'`
GqFx^dY4*
麦克斯韦指出,即使看不见物体内部的分子运动,物体也可能是热的。(让步状语) 5s7BUT
N'^>pSc4W|
'1<Z"InU
+vc +9E.?9
(2)Under a microscope,a cell looks like a bit of clear jelly with a thin wall round it. DF%d/a{]
#86N
!&x
在显微镜下,细胞看上去如一滴透明的胶状物体,周围有一层很薄的壁。(with..it作定语,用来修饰jelly。) VA/2$5Wu
[%IOB/{N
/iW+<@Mas
l![M,8
(3)Mechanics is that branch of physical science which considers the motion of bodies,with rest as a special case of motion. e8a^"Z`a
p l)":}/)
力学是自然科学的一个分支,它研究物体的运动,而把静止看成是运动的一种特殊情况。(with引出的复合结构起补充说明作用。) mq:k|w^6
y@LI
miRG
{9IRW\kn
>OG189O
(4)Carbon,with 6 protons and 6 neutronsin its nucleus,has 6 electrons. ;W|kc</R*
?7\V)$00(&
碳有6个电子,而在其原子核内尚有6个质子和6个中子。(with 6 protons...in.一用来对carbon作补充说明,有非限定定语意味。) xBHf~:!
xL* psj
ci,(]T+!
DR"Y(-xl
(5)The rocket engine,with its steady roar like that of a waterfall or a thunderstorm,is an impressive symbol of the new space age. $e^"Inhtqp
a=S &r1s>
火箭发动机以其类似于瀑布或大雷雨的持续轰鸣给人以深刻印象,成为太空新时代的象征。(with...roarlike.—是非限定性定语,修饰engine。) 5!0iK9O
Gz`Jzh
j
yoE-a
z:'m50'
(6)In each case the crystals,small orlarge,are naturally bounded by square or rectangular crystal faces of different sizes,but with each face always at right angles to each adjacent face. LpH
Gt]|D
XY0kd&N8
在每种情况下,各个晶体不论大小都是天然地由一些正方形的或矩形的晶面作为自己的界面,这些晶面大小不一,但每一晶面总是垂直于每一相邻面。(with...face...at….是复合结构,作定语,修饰crystal faces。) UrniJB]
g%2G=gR$?z
2BY|Cp4R
MmJM
x
(三)with+名词+形容词的结构 UMcM&
yu-
s>9I#_4]
(1)We have discussed fluorescence,which is sensitive to radiations with energies equal to or greater than those of visible photons. %<i sdvF
2%/F`_XbP
我们已经讨论过荧光,荧光对等于或大于可见光光子能量的辐射是很敏感的。