TIIE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIE}ICE5 iyhB;s5Rgw
ENGLISH ENTRANCE EJCAMINATION FOR (5N&b
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DOCTORAL CANDIDATES vi>V6IC4v
14farch 2007 :FdV$E]]<
PAPER ONEPAPER ONE UkL'h&J
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PART 1 VUCABULARY (15 minutes, 10 points, 4.5 point each) L*VGdZ
1. Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but ______and more gradually than now seems desirable. A!
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A: reluctantly SR S~s
B: unwittingly uoKC+8GA
C. impulsively EY!aiH6P
D: anxiously U07n7`2w
2. In fear for their lives and in ______of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War. aX1|&erI
A. Way FUm-Fp
B. view i@_|18F]`
C. vision (85F1"Jp
D. pursuit VxfFk4
3. If I could ensue a reasonably quick and comprehensive solution to the crisis in bd<zn*HZ*
Iraq, t would not have entitled my speech “the______ problem.” c-avX
A. Instant GI7CZ
B: Inverse h_d!G+-]
C. Insoluble \aT._'=M+
D. Intact OY`G _=6!N
4. Some of the patients, especially the dying, wanted to ______ in the man and woman who had eased their suffering. R{6.O+j`
A. confide
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B. ponder Cl>'K*$F
C. well "v~w#
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D: reflect Ctt{j'-[
5. We all buy things on the ______ of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse “buy. )kgy L,9
A: urge !OWV* v2
B. force C`knFGb
C. spur T?7ZF+yo6
D. rush. 7,jh44(\=
6. Nothing has ever equaled the ______ and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world. n&[U/`o
A. concern yNY1g?E
B. magnitude S]{K^Q),
C. volume rmR7^Ycv/
D. carelessness >48zRi\N
7. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was ______ called "hot" and later "swing." "PJ@Q9n__
A. shortly XRj<2U5
B. initially N9:xtrJ]_J
C. actually WGVvBX7#
D. literally nKkI
8. The depth of benefits of reading varies in ______ the depth of one's one’s experience Ge[N5N>
A. tempo with (D{9~^EO>a
B. time with
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C. place of
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D. proportion to Scs \nF2
9. Whatever the questions he really wanted to ask at the reprocessing plant, though, he would never allow his personal feelings to ______ with an assignment. i+T$&$b
A. interrupt G4MNcy
B. bother Suk
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C. interfere -5d8j<,
D. intervene F
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10. His ______ with computers began six months ago. >K;p+( <6
A. imagination [D?RL`ZF
B. invocation *)U=ZO6S
C. observation % nP13V]
D. obsession vXRfsv y
11. I like cats but unfortunately I am ______ to them. KDwjck"5;
A. vulnerable [L]
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B. allergic Yep(,J~'
C. inclined q%"]}@a0
D. hostile ;0P2nc:U~
12. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become______ and are no longer used in the present days. X@5!I+u\L
A. obsolete oAA%pZ@
B. obscene \O^b|0zc
C. obvious g
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D. oblique ,cYU
13. One of the main ways to stay out of trouble with government agents is to keep a law______ away from those situations wherein you call attention to yourself. Y)g7
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A. manner 5L"{J5R}
B. position
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C. profile k2"Z:\?z
D. station uK="#1z cC
14. With 1 million copies sold out within just 2 weeks, that book is indeed a ______ success. e$4 5 OL
A. provisional ~}z{RE($v
B. sensational 5 b( [1*
C. sentimental kb Fr
D. potential ,pq<.?&E
15. As the core of the management hoard, he can always come up with ______ ideas to promote the corporation's marketing strategies. &-470Z%/
A. integral dMp7 ,{FhF
B. instinctive J@
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C. intangible /iQ}DbtRb
D. ingenious 0e^j :~*
l6. They speak of election campaign polls as a musician might of an orchestra ______, or a painter of defective paint. -P]J:7*0?\
A. in pace 9qc1^Fs~
B. out of focus {
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C. in step )Mx[;IwE
D. out of tune aBj~370g
17. Surely it doesn't matter where charities get their money from: what ______much is what they do with it. f9cS^v_:
A. taunts for U59uP
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B. asks for &,4^LFZW
C. consists of ?C(Z\"IX
D. approves of 9 %4Pt=v~d
l8. Any business needs ordinary insurance______ risks such as fire, flood and breakage. "Q`{+|'=E
A. in N
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B. against $NJ]2P9L
C. raft L}ud+Wfox
D. of c=<d99Cu!
19. As he was a thoroughly professional journalist, he already knew the media______. y%Ui)UMnw]
A. to and fro _-H uO/
B. upside and down KW+ps16~
C. inside and out ;Z:z'';Lm
D. now and then >V;JI;[
20. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______, there was little to disprove it. AMA:hQ
PART II CLOZE TEST (15 minutes, 15 points) ICo_O]
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There is a closer relationship between morals and architecture and interior decoration______21, we suspect. Huxley has pointed out that Western ladies did not take frequent baths ______22 they were afraid to see their own naked bodies, and this moral concept delayed the______23 of the modern white-enameled bathtub for centuries. One can understand, ______24 in the design of old Chinese furniture there was so little consideration for human______ 25 only when we realize the Confucian atmosphere in which people moved about. Chinese redwood Furniture was designed for people to sit______26 in, because that was the only posture approved by society. O?L_9L*
Even Chinese emperors had to sit on a (n) ______27 on which I would not think of______28 for more than five minutes, and for that matter the English kings were just as badly off. Cleopatra went about______29 on a couch carried by servants, because______30 she had never heard of Confucius. If Confucius should have seen her doing that, he would certainly have struck her shins with a stick, as he did______31 one of his old disciples, Yuan Jiang, when the latter was found sitting in an______32 posture. In the Confucian society in which we lived, gentlemen and ladies had to______33 themselves perfectly erect, at least on formal______34 , and any sign of putting one's leg up would be at once considered a sign of vulgarity and lack of______35. +?zyFb]Km
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21. A. for B. than C. as D. that l]Jk
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22. A. if B. when C. because D. though 8X][TJG$
23. A. rise B. existence C. occurrence D. increase 8)&yj
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24. A. what B. where C. how D. why #M&rmKv)g
25. A. care B. choice C. concern D. comfort ca*USM
26. A. upright B. tight C. fast D. stiff JXUnhjB,B
27. A. armchair B. throne C. altar D. couch E&}r"rbI
28. A. moving B. keeping C. remaining D. lasting B++.tQ=X.
29. A. traveling B. staying C. wandering D. reclining a8rsF
30. A. fortunately B. frankly C. accordingly D. apparently {6^c3R[
31. A. in B. on C. to D. at h`Vb#5ik
32. A. responsible B. incorrect C. immoral D. imperfect M7/P&d
33. A. hold B. sit C. behave D. conduct h']RP
34. A. conditions B. situations C. occasions D. instances 4,tMaQ
35. A. culture B. confidence C. morality D. modesty d*,% -Io
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PART III READING COMPREHENSION A3*ti!X<6
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Section A (60 minutes, 30 points) ( t#w@<
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Passage One p18-yt;
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Most people would be impressed by the high quality of medicine available to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of attention to the individual, a vast amount of advanced technical equipment, and intense effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must face the courts if they handle things badly. OYzt>hdH
But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in which health care is organized and financed. Contrary to public belief, it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not looking after the less fortunate and the elderly. QG?7L_I
But even with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars-more than 10 percent of the U.S. budget-large numbers of Americans are left out. These include about half the I1 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can. 7s;<5xc
The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control over the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services. Over than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up. fO[X<|9
Two-thirds of the populations are covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want knowing that the insurance company will pay the bill. /|t
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The medical profession has as a result become America's new big businessmen. The average income of doctors has now reached $100,000 a year. With such vast incomes the talk in the doctor's surgery is as likely to be about the doctor's latest financial deal, as about whether the minor operation he is recommending at several thousand dollars is entirely necessary. qGuz`&i
The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.A. is among the most worrying problem facing the country. In 1981 the country's health cost climbed 15.9 percent-about twice as fast as prices in general. Ziuf<X{
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36. In the U.S. patients can effect, in medical ______. Ev0GAc1
A. occasional mistakes by careless doctors #bUWF|zfT
B. a great deal of personal attention =rl/l8|P
C. low charge by doctors and hospitals }oYR.UH
D. stacking nurses and bad services >s1FTB-$W
37. Doctors and hospitals try hard to avoid making mistakes because ______. fU@}]&
A. they fear to be sued by the patients Jc~^32
B. they care much about Their reputation kMKI=>s+
C. they compete for getting more patents ?Pw#!t
D. they wish to join the private medical system @I\
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38. What do most Americans think about health in the U.S.? t!c8c^HR
A. It must be in total chaos "8ILV`[
B. It must be a free competition system AJ2Xq*fk
C. It should cover the unemployed "M
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D. It should involve private care. YP>VC(f
39. From Paragraph 3 we know that ______from the public health system. +1Si>I
A. millions of jobless people get support. >4ebvM
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B. those with steady income do not seek help. ^8.R 'Yq
C. some people are made ineligible to benefit. (6u<w#u
D. those with private health care are excluded. %83PbH
40. According to the author, what is the key factor in the rise of health cost in the US? (*&6XTV
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A. The refusal of insurance companies to pay the bills *D~@xypy
B. The increase of the number of doctors and hospitals E?y0UD[8J
C. the lack of government control over the medical prices _E)xR
D. The merger of private health care with the public system. d`StBXG!
41. It is implied that American doctors often______. +
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A. trade their professionalism for financial benefits 9XT6Gf56
B. fails to recognize the paying power of the patients cy)L%`(7
C. discuss about how to make money during the surgery S#jH2fRo
D. gives the patients expensive but needless treatments. JQ+4 SomK
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Passage two NxNR;wz>l
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Almost every day the media discovers an African community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills. Garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list go on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds. s[nOB0
But citizens didn't remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantle of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions. b$PNZC8f
In 1979 landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston. Followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention. $Y$!nPO
In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C., to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide. (oq(-Wv
Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C., this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering. ]!YzbvoR
"We are pleased that the Summit II was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, government officials We proved to the world that our planners, policy analysts and movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites. X-Xf6&U