大喘气

级别: 初级博友

楼主发表于: 2010-02-19

issue大全3

101"Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can flourish and be available to all people." 101．政府通过对艺术家的资助使得艺术更加繁荣，使得更多的人能够享受到艺术
(1)to a great many existence, some of the real great artists remain obscure and living in a poverty before they become fame, so they indeer need some assist from the out world, while the government is the best donor.
(2)but when refer with the fund from government, then the crucial criterion on which one should be fund is naturely arise. the selection of the subsidy will cast a influence on the integrity of the arts.
(3)but most important, beside funding there should be other approach to support the artists, which may be more affected and less hamful to outcome of the artist.

102" For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past." 102．不论好坏，教育的过程包含了对人们原来普遍认为的想法、信念和价值观的修订对于这个问题好像大家有不同的看法啊 people 到底是指 being educated 还是 in the past 的啊?
No one can deny that world is changing, from primate tribe to modern society, from boring life which struggling for living to vivid life today.
The ultimate goal of education is to provide society with knowledgeable and well-rounded people.
It is quite possible that we will be viewed as quaint by our decedents some day because the ideas and believes we held today will seem to be out of date for them.

103."The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives." 103．只有当历史和我们的生活相关时，对它的研究才有扩展性和价值
First of all, to study history is to look at a road map of human behavior that has led us to where we are today in the world. For example, the lessons learned during all of the past wars can make for more effective wartime leadership by avoiding mistakes made by past commanders. From the ancient Chinese author Sun Tzu's book "The Art of War", today's military commanders and even business leaders gather valuable information that allows them to operate more efficiently and effectively.
Another example is that by studying history, parents can help to improve the lives of their children in the future.
Additionally, the study of medical advances made throughout history can be the foundation to build upon to make the medical advances of today and tomorrow to make people live longer and healthier lives.
A further example of the value of the study of history beyond its effect on daily life is the treatment of the environment and the earth as a whole

104."It is primarily through formal education had a culture tries to perpetuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears." 104．一种文化要想保留它认为好的东西，消除它认为不好的东西，最重要的是通过正规的教育
A. I agree with the speaker with respect to the stages before higher education. In these stages of education, the students are generally indoctrinated with the values, ideas, and principles of mainstream society..
B. The mission of our colleges and universities is to afford students cultural perspective and a capacity for understanding opposing viewpoint, and to encourage and nurture the skills of critical analysis and skepticism—not to indoctrinate students with certain ideas while quashing others.
C. The speaker's assertion ignores two significant other means by which our culture perpetuates ideas it favors and discredits ideas it fears.    1) The first means is law.    2) Second such means is the mainstream media.

105"The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens." 105．当政府的意愿要经受民众的挑战时，国家政权才得以淋漓尽致的表现
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing complexity of national affairs and international relationship, issues on how to make a influntial and powerfull country are always enthusiastically debated, abstracting from the success of US and some european countries,more and more people realized the true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness of its government to tolerate challenges from citizens.
A thriving society is always based on democratic spirits which emphasize the the right of all citizens. On one hand, the general public has the capability to make major policies ,as what Thmas Jefferson once said:"The people may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment,Were it fall to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers of newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. " these words cogently expressed power and wisdom of the citizens of a nation in making decisions and strongly suggest people's right in politics. On the other hand, government are not always on the right side. The Vietnam War is a good example, after losing a lot of soldiers and money but gaining nothing in the nightmare, US government made a terrible mistake.
Since the function of a government is to serve their citizens rather than to rule them, the goverment should always encourage the challenges from it's own citizens without which the government becomes either autarchic or unimpassioned. for the former, as what always said" absolute power crupts sbsolutely", when there is no challenges to a government only two possibility exists: the first is that the goverment did really well thus no opposed voices. the second is that citizens are fear to do so because of the coercion.though we're glad to see the former, unfortunately it not possibly occurs since every society has its problem. for the latter, a government without passion will surely make no progress.
Moreover,as a matter of fact,the history of development of the human society is a history of limiting the power of goverment and allowing more and more citizens participating in polity ,government are experiencing more and more chanlenge from it's citizens :in old times, major policy decisions were only made by individuals with supremacy such as kings,queens and sovereigns who are almost nonchallengable, with the advance of the civilization,congress shares the power and help to make the policy,today in a developed courty,each civilian is enfranchised for some most important events such as voting for a new president of the nation,even a normal individual could question the president of the whole nation.
Some people might question the opinion by cite the trouble-making reactionaries in a nation, they are always dispersing rumors and agitating the public to oppose their government, however,in a flourishing nation,these people are repulsed by the majority of citizens and will collapse of itself; when it really occurs in a nation, there must be something wrong in the society, in order to handle these reactionaries, the government should resolve corresponding social problems first, from this point of view, their challenge acts as indirect stimulation for the government to improve itself.

106"All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics, even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects." 106．学生们应该被要求至少学习一种道德规范课程，即使这样会影响学术课程的学习
A education without ethics would be failing one. Ethics would teach student how to learn effecietly and serve the people and society properly.
Education of ethics doesn't mean a decreased emphasis on academic subject. In the systmen of education, they fuctions mutually fuction each other.
But it should be mentioned out that ethincs have many channel which can inflence the people efficiently.

107"Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful, well-reasoned points of view." 107．实时通信系统鼓励人们在很短的时间内做出反应并确立自己的观点，而不是花费较多时间去产生一个深思熟虑、近乎完美的观点
The development of instant communication systems suggests that there is a strong need for that kind of systems. As a matter of fact, not only communication systems , but almost all of our social activities are accelerating as time goes by and the process of the world. Therefore we can contain that the emergence of instant communication systems is just a result of fast development of the world, and so it must be of more value and advantages than that of traditional systems. In fact, Instant communication systems tend to encourage thoughtful and well-reasoned points of view
1. Instant systems make the most of valuable time by eliminating some unnecessary time needed in transportation or somthing else which was indispensable in traditional communiction systems.
2. With the help of instant systems, people can focus on those central problems in tasks, after all, communication system is just a conciliary tool to solving problems.

108."In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings - trials, debates, meetings, etc. - that are televised, the more society will benefit." 108．在很多国家，人们一打开电视就能看到政府人员办公的场景。观看这样的场景有助于人们理解影响他们生活的决议。政府办公的过程，如日常事物、辩论、会议等，向人们开放得越多，人们就越能从中受益
One example of the possible negative effects of televising all governmental proceedings was the trial in the United States of accused murderer and former National Football League superstar O.J. Simpson.
On the other hand, television of the day-to-day workings of government in action provides direct insight into how a government actually works.
One of the problems with stating that the more governmental proceedings that are televised, the better of a society is, is that people might come to believe that they are seeing everything when in fact, a television camera can only see part of what is happening no matter how many cameras there are.
Another problem with the statement that the more televised governmental proceedings, the better, is that it assumes that people actually watch the proceedings when they are broadcast.

109."The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel better about themselves." 109．很多广告的目的就是要让消费者购买某件产品，使得消费者拥有产品后“像”广告中的人物。这样的广告是有效的，因为既销售了产品，又让人们的虚荣心（注：不知道这样翻译是否妥当，请自己斟酌）得到满足
Marketing departments have long known that using attractive models and celebrity endorsers can help to persuade consumers to buy a product. Some customers may actually believe that buying and using the product will make them "be like" the people featured in the ad.
Proof of this marketing axiom can be found by simply looking at advertisements from around the world.
Some individuals with a low sense of self-esteem, especially younger people, may purchase products in an attempt to make themselves be like the person featured in the advertisement.
There are others that may derive a certain sense of satisfaction over the fact that they wear the same underwear as some beautiful models or that they drink the same soft drink as Britney Spears.

110."When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers." 110．当我们把自己和历史关联起来时，我们变成了讲故事的人。因为我们无从知道过去发生的事情，但是又必须要把她们表述出来，所以历史研究是一个非常有创造性的领域，而并非一个客观的过程。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人（storyteller）
From the perspective of the historian, most historians do not have the benefit of having lived through the period of history that they are writing about.
Historians that are documenting events as they happen today have much less of an opportunity to fall into the "storyteller" category as they are present as witnesses to these events as they are happening.
Another example showcasing the idea that all historians are storytellers is that of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
Particularly when it concerns ancient history, all historians must be storytellers to a certain degree. "Connecting the dots" of surviving evidence from the time period or event being examined requires a certain amount of personal intuition and supposition.

111."The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements is seriously diminishing the differences among cultures." 111．全球性的电视节目和广告严重地减少了各个文化之间的差异
(1) The different process the different species have undergone throughout their history initials the differences among cultures. Such different would have been assimilated and diminished if there were more connection with each other, in this point, the issue in to some sense.
(2) The high-advanced telecommunication technology, make the worldwide distribution of television programs and ad is possible. As a media that just as a vessel carrying on the cargo from one port to another, within the programs and ad, there is more or less some kind of the culture or ethic on the manufacture. So with they are broadcasting broad, there is a opportunity for different ethic and culture to be realized and got touch with.
(3) On the other hand, the culture is ingrate in the society, so it is inevitable hard to change. And we must leery on that some of taboo will be infringed as the distribution, which will harshly aggravate the confliction on the culture. Especially in the Moslem country.
(4) As the worldwide distribution of the TV programs and ad, we should leery on a danger phenomenon—the culture aggression. By the introduction of the ad and TV programs the populace specially the adolescence will be corrupted by osmosis as the time gone by.

112. "Some educational systems emphasize the development of student's capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions." 112．一些教育机构强调培养学生的推理和逻辑思考能力，但是学生从教他们如何培养个人情操的教育系统中获益更多
The ability to survive and thrive in a society is based on the assumption that human beings act according to reason and logic.
As a result, the basic framework of most forms of human society requires that a person must act according to the demands of reason and logic.
One of the main problems with emphasizing to students the importance of exploring one's own emotions is that it creates a "me first" attitude towards their studies.
A certain amount of self-introspection into one's emotions is probably helpful to the development of a student as an overall person.       emotion exploring 应该是现代西方流行的“情感教育” 指的是教育过程中的一个部分，即对学生的态度、感受、信念和情绪等方面的关注，以及对学生的自尊、个人发展和社会发展的关注。换句话说，情感教育的一个重要方面是关注学生个体与他人关系的有效性，在这个意义上说，人际关系和社会技巧就被视为"情感教育"的核心。与这种教育理念有关的还有两个基本要点：一是对学生提供支持和指导（特别关注学生的态度、感受、信念、和情绪）；二是把情感与认知发展联系起来，即学生们作为学习者的感受以及他们对学习科目的感受，至少可以和他们的实际能力一样有影响。不过理解为情商写出来的文章应该是差不多的。
explore:1 a : to investigate, study, or analyze : look into. b : to become familiar with by testing or experimenting *explore new cuisines*
2 : to travel over (new territory) for adventure or discovery 3 : to examine minutely especially for diagnostic purposes

113. "It is primarily through identification through social groups that we define ourselves." 113．我们定义自己，最重要的是通过我们和社会群体的不同来实现的。（不太好翻） %%%%%我们定义自己，最主要是通过我们对社会集体的参与和认识来实现的。（一个孤立的人只有参与到社会集体中去，才能够定义自己。）
Self-definition can either be honest or dishonest.
On the other hand, there are individuals that very clearly demonstrate who they are by their identification with certain social groups.
Joining other types of groups may or may not indicate a person's self-identification.

114."Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Technological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of humanity is no better. War, violence and poverty are still with us. Technology cannot change the condition of humanity." 114．人性在上个世纪并没有给社会的发展带来多大帮助。技术取得了革命性的发展，但是整个世界的人性并没有得到改善。战争、暴力、贫穷一直困扰着我们。技术的发展并不能带动人性的发展
First of all, the phrase "little real progress" from the first sentence must be defined.
Secondly, the phrases "the overall condition of humanity" and "the condition of humanity" must be defined.
If one takes a very narrow definition of "progress" and "the condition of humanity", it could be fairly stated that mankind has made little in the way of advancement over the past century.

115."It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement that we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated." 115．通过逻辑思维和精确的测量使得我们把握了事物的进程。没有这些工具，我们就没有参考点来知道我们进步了多少，退步了多少
I agree that in certain endeavors quantitative measurements and logical analysis of data are essential for this purpose. However, in other realms objective data provides little guidance for determining progress. My view applies to individuals as well as society as a whole.
As for monitoring individual progress, the extent to which careful measurement and logical analysis of data are required depends on the specific fields.
On a social level, as on a personal level, the extent to which careful measurement and logic are needed to determine progress depends on the endeavor.
In contrast, social-political progress is less susceptible to objective measurement. For instance, progress in social welfare might be measured by the number of homeless people, incidence of domestic violence, or juvenile crime rate.

116."With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences." 116．随着全球网络的增长，如经济和通讯，整个社会的各方各面，包括教育、政治、艺术和科学，都从中获益非浅
A. In the realm of education and the sciences, cross-cultural communication and international cooperation have brought in an unprecedented prosperous era in human society.
B. In the realm of politics, globalization has opened up new vistas for individual governments to learn from each other in running their own countries and for the international community to take concerted action against global problems.
C. However, in the realm of arts, diversity and originality are being threatened by the blurring of national boundaries and cultural identification in the face of the accelerating speed of transportation, and the homogenizing effect of mass communications and multinational corporations.
Globalization also has helped countries and governments to communicate and collaborate.  Formation of NATO, meetings on global warming and AIDS, and alliances against terrorism are typical examples.

117"The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience." 117．我们从书本上学习知识的深度要比直接从社会实践中学到的更深更广
1. Knowledge from books is systematic and methodical. Knowledge everyone learns from such media is abundant and contains achievements in various subjects. However this knowledge is abstruse and even a little bitter to understand.
2. Knowledge from direct experience is vivid and we can understand it in direct manner and we can experience the whole process that a new phenomenon is found or a formation of a new theory, etc. Getting knowledge from books requires us to have a variety of knowledge that are not limited in only one or two specialties. For example if our specialty is focused on science, should we neglect the cultivation of arts. Arts and science are different from their subjects but we may take similar methods to study both of them. Learning from direct experience, however, may have less request for us. We can obtain whatever we do from our work, these learning are sometimes partial and even erroneous. We should write down this knowledge and experience and impart them to our latter generations for modification.
3. Knowledge from books is the legacy of our predecessors who have studied in some field many years before. As for this knowledge we should criticize it, test the validity of it and perfect it with the new knowledge and ken we obtain from our own direct experience.
4. Although the depth of knowledge gained from books, I think, is richer and broader than what can be learned from our direct experience, we should combine these two ways for our learning, To get a more complete result or a more convincing conclusion we shouldn’t emphasize only one method and ignore the other. Using both of the learning methods is the best way for further knowledge.

118"In any field of endeavor—the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc.—it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal." 118．任何领域的努力，科学、人性、社会科学、工业等等，我们最大的收获是成功路上的经验和发现，而不是成功本身的获取。（本句不太有把握）

任何领域的努力, 比如自然科学,人文科学, 社会科学,工业领域, 都不是在乎目标的成就, 而是那些在通往目标的路上所遇到的方法和发现.
1.Every endeavor should have a goal, or related thing would be nonsense.
2. A goal for any endeavor show much significance.On the one hand, Orienting the direction. The other hand, making all the jobs more efficient.
3. The ideas and discorveries encountered on the way to goal are also making great sense. But we should realize how to make them more useful in our job now and future.

119."When research priorities are being set for science, education, or any other area, the most important question to consider is: How many people's lives will be improved if the results are successful?" 119．当考察一些领域的优势时，比如科学、教育等，最需要考虑的问题是：现在的人们有多少会从中获益？
Admittedly, scientific research whose societal benefits are immediate, predicable, and profound should continue to be a high priority. For example, biotechnology research is proven to help cure and prevent diseases; advances in medical technology allow for safer, less invasive diagnosis and treatment; advances in genetics help prevent birth defects;advances in engineering and chemistry improve the structural integrity of our buildings, roads, bridges, and vehicles; information technology enables education; and communication technology facilitates global peace and participation in the democratic process.
First of all, if we strictly follow the speaker's suggestion, who would decide which areas of research are more worthwhile than others?
Secondly, to compel all researchers to focus only on certain areas would be to force many to waste their true talents.

120."So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present." 120．现在的生活日新月异，对过去的研究学习没有实际的指导意义
A. Understanding the pag,t can show us inspirational examples of success.
B. Studying history can also help us avoid repeating mistakes
C. The study of past is important because the relevant historical antecedents can help us fully appreciate our present challenges.

121. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species." 121．在过去不同的时期，很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成，而并非人类行为。所以，现在我们花费很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种是没有多少价值的。
A. Natural processes did eliminate some species through natural selection; however, it did not break the balance of the ecosystem.
B. Due to human processes, including pollution and exterminatory exploitation of natural resources, our natural environment is being threatened, and the extinction of rare species has been accelerated.
C. Since the diversity of species is beneficial for human beings, measures must be adopted to protect endangered species.

122"We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to people who have disagreed." 122．我们把我们的知识归功于和我们意见不同的人，而并非和我们意见一致的人
大致是不是说不同意见的争鸣才有了知识（的发展），同种意见产生不了知识（的发展）？
我们把几乎所有的知识不是归功于赞同者，而是归功于意见不同者。

123"It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people—their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat—reflects their political beliefs." 123．和一个人相处很短的时间就很可能知道他的政治立场。所有与他们相关的，衣服、朋友、走路的姿势、所吃的食物都反映出他们的政治信仰
A. What one wears and eats indicates the way of life he or she advocates.
B. We can also identify a person’s ideas, qualities and values from the type of friends he or she associates with.
C. Of course, it is necessary to watch a person’s deeds if we want to know for sure what he or she truly believes in.

124"Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of these recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though, instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic than ever before." 124．快餐、实时通讯、快递，所有的这些最新发明都是为了节省人们的时间。但具有讽刺意味的是，这些发明非但没有给人们带来更多的闲暇时间，反而让人们的生活节奏越来越快
A. Theoretically speaking, such recent inventions as instant foods, instant communication, and fast transportation have made it possible for us to set aside more time for repose and relaxation.
B. Actually we are living a more hurried life today than our ancestors centuries ago.
C. What makes us hurry today is our values that give too much stress to competition and efficiency.

125"The past is no predictor of the future." 125．过去并不是预示着将来
A. No one knows for sure what will happen in the future.
B. However, knowledge of the past tells us what might be happen in the future.
C. Personally or socially, the wisdom of the past provides necessary resources to help us confront the old or new problems of the future.

126"Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True success can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself." 126．社会对成功的额外奖励并不能代表成功的价值。真正的成功的价值只与成功者为自己设立的目标有关。 %%%%%社会所给予额外的奖励不是真正成功的衡量标准。真正的成功只能通过自己所设立的目标来衡量
A. Society’s external rewards can be regarded as society’s recognition of one’s contribution to society.
B. For an individual person, a correct attitude is to gauge success in relation to the goals one sets for oneself.
C. Overemphasizing the social criterion of success tends to belittle the worth of an individual.

127."Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions." 127．事实是不容改变的。它不会由于我们的希望、偏好或者个人的情感而改变
A. On an individual level, we all engage in futile attempts to alter facts—by pretending that certain things are not the way they are because they are inconsistent with our wishes or personal interests.
B. Nor can we alter facts by virtue of our inclinations or passions when it comes to history.
C. Similarly, when it comes to science our wishes and desires ultimately yield to the stubbornness of facts—by which I mean empirical scientific evidence and the laws and principles of the physical world.

128."It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free." 128．人们经常说教育的目的是释放人们的心灵。但实际上，正规的教育束缚了人们的心灵
A. Formal education emphasizes the learning of basic skills, methodologies and knowledge, which might be mechanical and dull.
B. However, this basic training is a necessary foundation, based on which we can freely imagine and create.
C. Admittedly, there exist many aspects in formal education that need reforming.

129"Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern life." 129．科学技术对现代生活是必须的，但并非任何时候都能起到积极的作用。
A. Undoubtedly, technology is a necessary force, without which contemporary society could not survive for even one day.
B. It is true that new technologies are often used for negative or even evil purposes.
C. However, it is humans rather than technologies that should be responsible for the negative effects seemingly brought about by technologies.

130."How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society." 130．孩子们的成长决定着社会的命运。不幸的是，我们还不知道怎样抚养孩子才能使他们对将来的社会有用。
A. Consider first the speaker's assertion that society's destiny depends on how children are socialized. Socialization is only one factor influencing the extent to which an individual will ultimately contribute to a better society. And it is not the most important one.
B. Consider next the speaker's claim that we have not yet learned how to raise children who can better society.

131."The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal me otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society." 131．艺术（绘画、音乐、文学等）展现了一些隐含的想法，对社会起到了刺激和推动作用。 %%%%%艺术（绘画、音乐、文学等）展现了那些隐藏的观点和社会的脉动
A. The art aim at depicting the feelings and attitudes of individuals in a society.
B. Paintings and music mist vividly embody the spirits and character of a society.
C. By reading literature, we get to know not only the experience of a society, but also the hidden ideas and impulses of the society.

132"The university community consists of three different worlds—the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. Because each world operates on its own assumptions and has its own special habits of thinking, rarely is there meaningful interaction among the sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences." 132．大学包含了三种不同的领域：科学、人性和社会学。因为每种领域都有自己的前提条件和特殊的思维习惯，所以三者之间少有互通。
无(waaf)  1. the base of three is the same  2. the contents are overlapped interact among each other

133"The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We live in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to live in any other time." 133．现代社会中的问题使很多人抱怨：“我们生活得很糟糕。”但如果让他们来选择，没有人会愿意过原来的生活。
A. In the first place, our living conditions today are superior to those of any past generations.
B. In the second place, technologies have made it possible for men to work under much more comfortable working conditions today than before.
C. The problems confronting us should not blind us from seeing the problem that once troubled former generations.

134"Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs." 134．必须鼓励学生们意识到：敏捷的智力和修辞技巧必须准确无误地来自于自己的信仰。（本句不确定）
A. Today’s education gives too much stress to academic skills.
B. No man can afford to express, through words or acts, that which is not in harmony with his own beliefs, and if he does so, he must pay by the loss of his ability to influence others.
C. Our beliefs about what we are and what we can precisely determine what we will be.

135"While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use of technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to these problems." 135．既然我们面临的大多数环境问题都来源于科技，我们应该依靠科技本身来找到解决问题的方法和途径。
A. The use of technology should be largely responsible for the environmental problems.
B. It is true that technology will help us solve many environmental problems.
C. However, if human beings change no their attitude toward nature, technology alone will not be able to save us.

136."The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare." 136．人们放弃做出选择的情况很少见
A. Our life experience is that we make choices and decisions every day —on a continual basis. Common sense tells us that humans have free will, and therefore the true absence of choice is very rare. The only possible exceptions —solitary imprisonment or a severe mental or physical deficiency.
B. Besides, the reverse claim—that we do not have free choice—serves to undermine the notions of moral accountability and human equality, which prerequisite the survival of any democratic society.
C. People often claim that life's circumstances leave them with "no choice." One might feel trapped in a job or marriage. However, in reality they may have a lot of choices, it is just because they are only considering those choices that are not viable or attractive.
D. People may take the unappealing, even self-defeating as no choice.

137"What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for another." 137．我们认为的进步只不过是把一个问题转化成了另一个问题
A. Industrialization, a great progress is human history, has brought about environmental problems.
B. Urbanization, another breakthrough in human history, has witnessed a dramatic rise in crime rates and the disintegration of communities.
C. However, there is no need to be pessimistic about progress.

138"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."   138．不犯错误就不会有发现和进步
A. Mistakes help us find out what is unworkable and hence we can approach the right solution.
B. Fearing making mistakes prevents us from trying new things and taking risks.
C. The right attitude toward mistakes is not to avoid them, but to learn from them.

139"Every new generation needs to redefine 'right' and 'wrong' in its own terms and according to the conditions of its own time." 139．每一代人都需要根据自己所处的时代重新定义“对”与“错”
the concept of "right" and "wrong" are requiring little necessity with the combination of different behavior and the deterioration of selecting system.more unfortunately ,the changing criteria have providing us with the dilemma whether we should prepare our children for future challenges by imbuing them with modern value system or simply stick to former principles.admittedly ,this is a a difficult choice for even the most discriminating parents.however ,to educate our children ,we still need to instill them with the fixed system as the mainstream while properly taking temporary ones as additives.
modern ages seem to cause chaos in its accommodating nature to different value systems ,most of them regarded as deviation in the past.
of course ,to place our children in a favorable in social competition and avoid unfair competition.we should gradually familiarize them with prevalent value systems based on the fact that this will not shake the predominant role of those already accepted value systems.this should not be equalled with the evil intention to destruct social order
despite all of our efforts to perfect our children ,the eventual masters are themselves.some susceptible to allurings from wried value systems will find themselves driven to a wrong way ;and to others ,it may be useless to try to dominate their minds with education and even parent authority.

140."What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent." 140．社会认为最大的社会成就、政治成就和个人成就往往导致民众极大的不满。（不通？）
A. Different values and interests in a society are somehow irreconcilable.
B. The widening income gap between the wealthy few and the poor majority has been a target of blame in every individual society.
C. The stability of a society depends on the compromise of various interests and values.

141."Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that ' personal economic success requires conformity." 141．大多数人只意识到个体的利益，但实际上个人的成功需要集体合作。
A. Regarding the sort of economic success that results from investing one's wealth, the principles of investing dictate that those who seek risky investments in areas that are out of favor with the majority of investors ultimately reap higher returns than those who follow the crowd.
B. In consumer-driven industries, where innovation, product differentiation and creativity arc crucial to lasting success, non-conformists who take unique approaches tend to recognize emerging trends and to rise above their peers.
C. However, in traditional service industries-such as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care—personal economic success comes not to non-conformists but rather to those who can work most effectively within the constraints of established practices, policies and regulation.

142."The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority." 142．当很多人都质疑权威的时候，社会才能更安定。（不通？）
A. Challenging political authority forces politicians and the government to be more democratic, efficient, responsible and honest.
B. Challenging academic authority promotes academic progress.
C. However, a society in which individuals show no respect at all to any form of authority faces the danger of disintegration.????

143"Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity." *those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc. 143．艺术家应该对人们的批评毫不理会。批评者们总是曲解限制艺术家的想象和发挥。 *那些人经常评价艺术作品，例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等。
A. Theoretically speaking, critics, with their profound knowledge of aesthetics and a taste in art, could offer valuable advice to artists.
B. Interestingly, few artists ever showed any gratitude to their critics.
C. Still, I believe artists could benefit from critics’ work.

144."It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value." a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc. 144．是艺术家而不是批评家，给了社会一些永久的价值。*批评家指经常评价艺术作品，例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人
A. critics can help us understand and interpret art; a critic who is familiar with a particular artist and his or her works might have certain insights about those works that the layperson would not.
B. A critic's evaluation of an art work serves as a filter, which helps us determine which art is worth our time and attention.
C. A critic can provide feedback for artists; and constructive criticism, if taken to heart, can result in better work.

145"A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changing social conventions without sacrificing one's principles." 145．性格测试最重要的一点就是看一个人能否适应在不牺牲个人原则的基础上改变社会传统的做法。
A. In the history of the United States, F. D. Franklin, the president who led the country out of the Great Depression in the 1930s-40s, was a man who managed to adapt to the changing economic climate without sacrificing his principles regarding capitalism.
B. In China, Deng Xiaoping could be counted as one who succeeded in maintaining his socialist principles when he introduced market economy into his country.
C. However, an even more praiseworthy character is one who is willing to change his principles to adapt to the changing situations when those principles are out of date.

146. "People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy arc the most ' critical of it." 146．对某个想法或策略最执着的人往往对那个想法或策略最挑剔
对同样一件事情,不同的人会有不同的见解,一旦他认为自己对该观点非常执着,一旦有某些反对意见;他很有可能会为之辩护.其实,在辩护的过程中,他也在尝试说服自己,因为,一旦这种反对意见被提出,自己所坚持的观点的正确性受到了威胁,他自己也在开始对其进行置疑,并尝试寻找理由说服自己.
One possible explanation for the paradox is that individuals most firmly committed to an idea or policy are often the same people who arc most knowledgeable on the subject, and therefore are in the best position to understand and appreciate the problems with the idea or policy.
Another possible explanation is that those who are committed to an idea or policy would be more concerned and loyal to it, so they tend to be critical of it with the earnest inclination to improving it.
There are many relevant examples that can lend credence to this explanation for the paradox nature of the speaker's claim. For instance, Edward Teller, the so-called "father of the atom bomb", was firmly committed to America's policy of gaining military superiority over the Japanese and the Germans; yet at the same time he attempted fervently to dissuade the US military from employing his technology for destruction, while becoming the most visible advocate for various peaceful and productive applications of atomic energy. Another example is George Washington, who was quoted as saying that all the world's denizens should abhor war whenever they may find it. Yet it was the same general who played a key role in the Revolutionary War between Britain and USA. A third example was Einstein, who while committed to' the mathematical soundness of his theories about relativity could not reconcile them with the equally compelling quantum theory which emerged later in Einstein's life. In fact, Einstein spent the last twenty years of his life criticizing his own theories and struggling to determine how to reconcile them with newer theories.

147."Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them." 147．传统和现代是不相容的。人们必须在二者之间做出选择。
A. Tradition refers to the beliefs, values, customs, way of life, crafts, etc., that are handed down from generation to generation in a society.
B. Modernization refers to the process of urbanization, industrialization and democratization, or in a large sense, westernization.
C. Many traditional wisdoms are still relevant and can inspire us to search for solutions to present problems.
D. The correct way to modernize a culture is to transform or reform its tradition rather than to uproot its tradition.

148"Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or trouble." 148．很多人追求理想，当这样往往导致失望或麻烦
A. An idealist is one who, on noticing that a rose smells better that a cabbage, concludes that it will also make better soup.
B. Political idealism such as communism brought catastrophes to former socialist countries.
C. Individually, idealism, if it were not balanced by pragmatism, would lead to personal failure.
D. However, idealism, guided by practical plans, gives people hope and enthusiasm.

149"The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive projects." 149．保护未开发地区最实际有效的方法就是通过环境宣传手段吸引更多的观光客到那些地方去。（好像有点矛盾，请自行斟酌）
A. Tourists swarming to visit the environmentally sensitive projects may pose a serious threat to the wildness areas.
B. The most practical and effective way to protect wildness areas is to leave those places to take care of themselves.

150."Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete." 150．通过电视和全世界联网的计算机，人们得以了解很多他们没有去过的地方。所以，旅游事业会越来越不景气
A. As for the claim that television will render tourism obsolete, we already have sufficient empirical evidence that this will simply not happen.
B. On the contrary television may have actually served to spark people's interest in visiting other places.
C. The speaker unfairly assumes that the purpose of tourism is simply to obtain information about other people or places and the scenes on the internet can replace travelling to the real places.
D. Moreover, in my view tourism will continue to thrive for the same reason that people still go out for dinner or to the movies: we all need to get away from our routines and surroundings from time to time. Computer cannot alter this basic human needs.
E. Admittedly, travel for purposes other than tourism might eventually decline, as the business world becomes increasingly dependent on the Internet.

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northwind520

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沙发发表于: 2010-02-22

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很好的资料，谢谢分享哦

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板凳发表于: 2010-02-22

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很全，感谢楼主

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地板发表于: 2010-02-22

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赚流量了

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地下室发表于: 2010-02-22

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楼主辛苦了

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