图表及图表类型 "8[Vb#=*e
1、图表:chart, graph, diagram vf<Tq
2、各类图表: yle~hL
表格:table; bsWDjV~
柱形图:barchart 或column chart; _l]rt
饼形图:piechart; V,3$>4x
线形图:linechart 或curve chart m,]h7 xx
▶表达图表中数据动态变化的名词或动词 {<^PYN>`
1、“数字数据”相关 ps]s
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(1) the number of sth. J@9E20$
(2) data, statistics, figures A.S:eQvS%
(3) hundred, thousand, million, billion ~gbq^
(4) around, over, appropriately #kEa&Se
2、表达“上升” /aMeKM[L`
(1)常见词汇 2fJ2o[v
increase → (名词形式increase ) ki_Py5
rise (不规则动词rise→rose→risen) → (名词形式rise) Qte'f+
grow (不规则动词grow→grew→grown) → (名词形式growth) @y\M8C8
go up @GR|co
注意以下短语数量上的区别: DadlCEZv
increase by +数字上升到... }3mIj<I1;
increase to +数字上升了... bQ2 '*T
reach to +数字达到... X
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(2)其他词汇 [VwoZX:
climb : rise, usually slowly 爬升 Mi"dFx^Md
leap : move or act quickly or suddenly 跳跃,剧增 KGb3n;]
rocket : increase very rapidly 迅速增加
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(3) 地道表达 Y)4&PN~[
double, triple p2~MJ
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3、表达“下降” "8Y4;lbN.q
(1) 常见词汇 qS|t7*
decrease (名词形式decrease ) K%A:W
drop (名词形式drop) H{CG/+x
fall (不规则动词fall→fell→fallen) → (名词形式fall) QGnBNsA h
decline (名词形式decline ) '
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go down \a8<DR\@O
(2)其他词汇 ?F9:rUyN
plunge: fall steeply 跳水,猛跌 X4U$#uI{
plummet: drop sharply 垂直落下 bytAdS$3
sink: to fall, drop, or descend gradually to a lower level 下沉,沉没 LHb(T`.=
dip: decline slightly and usually temporarily 下沉 F+!K9( `|
4、表达“波动” Zi fAn
fluctuate (名词形式fluctuation ) -&*
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go up and down +AyrKs?h
rise and fall %P2GQS-N
5、表达“保持平稳” ("k.5$
remain stable (或 remain constant) Q9b.]W
level off = move toward stability or consistency (趋向平稳) W"_")V=QBz
▶描述数据变化方向和幅度的形容词(配合名词)、副词(配合动词) I=)u:l c
1、变化快、剧烈、明显 {]/}3t
dramatic, drastic, sharp, steep, quick, rapid, sudden, significant, considerable i5sNCt
2、变化慢、微弱、不明显 ^b]h4z$
slight, moderate, modest, slow, marginal, gradually, steady Gvk)H$ni
▶常用短语:“动词配副词”和“形容词配名词” 5
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1、v. + adv. ruG5~dm>
decline slowly ao]Dm#HiO
grow dramatically xG JX~)
fluctuate sharply @-9I<)Z/2
2、 adj. + n. )DS|mM)
a slow decline _H9.AI
a dramatic growth `;yfSoY
a sharp fluctuation Wp"+\{@)
a slight increase *UVo>;
a significant increase A{Jp>15AVg
3、 on a +adj.+ n bhqBFiuhH
例如:如上述柱形图所示,过去二十年间中国城镇人口已经显著上升。该句至少有以下两种表达: V7Z+@e-5
1)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China hasgrow dramaticallyin the past two decades. 1&JPyW
2)As is revealed in the above bar chart, the urban population in China has been ona dramatic growthin the past two decades. *
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