医博
英语统考的
阅读理解是长难句的天下,不仅考察我们的
词汇量、逻辑结构、文化背景,更考察对语法、句子结构的把握。很多考生朋友表示最怕长难句,各种力不从心。别急,老师教你“四步法”破解长难句。
5uDQ*nJ| uAVV4) 以下面句子为例 ▼
%3xH<$Gq5 A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
yaR|d3ef?4 3XL0Pm 第一步:找主干 XHN?pVZ7 .WyI.Y1 首先我们必须明确,要读懂句子就一定要找出句子主干,哪怕结构再复杂的句子,也只能有一个主干(即主谓结构),认准谓语动词,主干就很好找。
^4s#nf:} 刚才这句话的主干就是:
k9}im c%xxsq2n W!IK>IW" “Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life.”
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Jk7 第二步:拆分结构 CZ]+B8Pl(x I9Z8]Q+2" kx'6FkZPIr 找到主干之后,剩下的就都是修饰成分。把这些修饰成分和修饰的对象都找出来,逐一对应,整理清楚,句子的语法结构也就明确了。
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我们再回顾一下刚才的例句:
ty-4yK# (1)A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life (2)for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation (3)in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions (4)they were called upon to perform. ,
/ 4}CM oxGOn(' 在该例句中:
t`F%$q A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology 是状语,修饰主干; v t(kL(}v
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for their willingness to obey instructions given by a“leader”in a situation 也是状语,修饰主干; m4 4aKqw)
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in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions 是状语中的定语从句,修饰 situation; gVZ~OcB!W
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(that)they were called upon to perform 是定语从句中的定语从句,修饰 actions。 V$:v~*Y9
CZbp}:| e%UFY-2 第三步:逐句翻译 E-!`6 4'X^YBm 因为长难句句子结构复杂,包含多层意思,很难直接完整地译出来,且中文和英文表达方式差异很大,语序难以完全对应,所以需要我们先把修饰部分单独逐个翻译,译成几个分句。
N %0F[sY6 @-u/('vpB ii~~xt1 1. 先翻第一个状语,它不影响主干表达A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioral psychology
iL5+Uf)E3 译为:几年前,在一次行为
心理学中最吸引人但又最让人不安的实验中。
W%Ky#!\- ]LP&v3 2. 再译主干
e'7!aysj Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life
hEEbH@b 译为:来自耶鲁大学的 Stanley Milgram 测试了来自各行各业的 40 个实验对象。
NFc<%#H mtJI#P 3. 按顺序往下翻译,第二个状语
Q*U$i#, for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation,这里为了表达更顺畅,可以把名词 “their willingness” 转换为动词。
~W`upx)j 译为:测试出在某一个情形中,他们愿意遵守由一个领导者发出的指令。
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%] L!/USh:IP 4. 最后翻译定语从句
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in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform
+B*ygv: 译为:在这一情形中,实验对象可能会对被要求实施的行为产生个人的厌恶感。
*S{%+1F V&NOp 第四步:整理连贯 n; !t?jnf. OGh bH a 最后一步是把译好的分句连缀起来,顺序可稍加调整,使之符合中文的表达习惯、通顺流畅。
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]$ xz rXfQ_ n_?<q{GW 这段话可连缀整理为:
:9K5zD “几年前,在一次行为心理学中的最吸引人但又最让人不安的实验中,来自耶鲁大学的 Stanley Milgram 测试了来自各行各业的 40 个实验对象,以测试出在某一个情形中,他们愿意遵守由一个领导者发出的指令,而在这一指令中,实验对象可能会对被要求实施的行为产生个人的厌恶情绪。”
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VG'v>s@ 最后和大家共勉一下,所谓压力,其实是自身的能力不足;所谓困难,其实是自己的智慧不够。世上无难事,只怕有心人。只要沉下心来,再难的句子都能找到解决办法。
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