第一章 复合句 l(yZO$
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第一节 名词性从句 \h
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名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 wDw[RW3
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一、主语从句 RXNn[A4xfY
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(一)定义 P)"noG_'i
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主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。 \1d( 9jR
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引导主语从句的连词主要有: -N6f1>}pE
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从属连词:that, whether uyO/55;HO
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连接代词:who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever D!@Ciw
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连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however l~1Oef#y
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(二)类型 C](f>)Dz
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主语从句一般分为两种: oNr-Q& C,
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1. 常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语,此时主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制 Bu#E9hJFvA
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Whoever comes is welcome. pyH:#5
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不论谁来都欢迎。 D~biKrg?=
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What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat. ztnFhJ<a$
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曾经令人兴奋的新玩意转眼成了旧物。 MV<^!W
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That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. fo5iJz"Z
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他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。 3XL#0\im?s
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2. 主语从句后置,即名词性从句作主语时,为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 ?:
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It is certain that he will win the match. prYs
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他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 0>C T=(A
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It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held. 3
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在哪里开会还没决定。 txW{7[w+,
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It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent as early as possible. wLmhy,
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重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。 qC}-_u7s
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(三)考博真题 }E0,z
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例1: K
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Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but [what is of particular interest to psychologists] is the extent [to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure]. (北体大,2009,Passage 2) $>GgB`
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这是一个并列复合句。 (5R?#vj
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: LA@w:Fg
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主句:Many illustrations could be given of this…, but what is of…is the extent… 99}(~B
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【译文】…有很多与此相关的实例,但… E0u~i59Z
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分句一:what is of particular interest to psychologists /wP@2ADB
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类型:主语从句;连接词:what UG2nX3?
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【译文】对心理学家来说,尤其感兴趣的事情是… AT9q3
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分句二:to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure 89\n;5'f4
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