第一章 复合句 8'Bl=C|0X
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第一节 名词性从句 |L{dQ)-'l
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名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 DC7}Xly(
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一、主语从句 %,D%Q~
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(一)定义 IOqyq
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主语从句,即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。 &B7KWvAy
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引导主语从句的连词主要有: 0EU4irMa
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从属连词:that, whether ^IkMRlJh%
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连接代词:who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever H`@7o8oj1
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连接副词:when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however k"zHrn"$
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(二)类型 >UH=]$0N
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主语从句一般分为两种: Kn|dnq|G
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1. 常规主语从句,即句子在复合句中充当一个主语,此时主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制 (qd
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Whoever comes is welcome. m%puD9
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不论谁来都欢迎。 [$X(i|6
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What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat. mi?Fy
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曾经令人兴奋的新玩意转眼成了旧物。 EIAT*l :NW
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That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. @VFg XN
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他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。 WqAP'x 1
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2. 主语从句后置,即名词性从句作主语时,为了防止句子头重脚轻,通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末 aqlYB7
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It is certain that he will win the match. G[<iVt$y
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他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 ;X>KP,/r$
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It has not been decided where the meeting is to be held. 3j2}n
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在哪里开会还没决定。 sfH|sp
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It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent as early as possible. kZ2+=/DYN
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重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。 m{' q(w}
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(三)考博真题 xv
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例1: 5dhRuc
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Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but [what is of particular interest to psychologists] is the extent [to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure]. (北体大,2009,Passage 2) f
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这是一个并列复合句。 Yu'lD` G
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: k;"=y)@o
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主句:Many illustrations could be given of this…, but what is of…is the extent… }F-W OQ
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【译文】…有很多与此相关的实例,但… D\>CEBt
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分句一:what is of particular interest to psychologists ;/$zBr`'
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类型:主语从句;连接词:what ?DA,]
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【译文】对心理学家来说,尤其感兴趣的事情是… F+|zCEc
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分句二:to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure &ciU`//`
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【译文】:团队的压力能够改变个人的判断和观点的程度 rXdI`l#
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【全句译文】:日常生活中有很多与此相关的实例,但对心理学家来说,尤其感兴趣的事情是团队的压力能够改变个人的判断和观点的程度。 H"6Sj-<=
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例2: 7'k+/rAO
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And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear [that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet’s reddish surface]. (哈工大,2007,Passage 6) p
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这是一个主从复合句。 8HS1^\~(6l
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: LxC*{
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主句:it is clear that…(it作形式主语) ,IX:u1mO
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分句一:that imperatives… c;C:$B7
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类型:主语从句;连接词:that }%Dsy2:y
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【译文】除了经济利益或民族主义,探索火星已成为人类必做的事情。 u|t<f`ze
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其他修饰成分:句子开头的三个介词短语用作状语,with, with, amid,用and连接 }c?/-ab>
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【全句译文】:由于不再关心短期的经济回报,冷战的阴影也日渐退去,各更加重视彼此之间的航空探险合作。除了经济利益或民族主义,探索火星己成为人类必做的事情。。 ! c,=%4Pb
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例3: ". #=_/op
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[What we see, what we hear, feel and what we think we know] is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation as to [what is the most useful way of seeing the world]. (全国医学统考,2017,阅读理解四) huVw+vAA
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这是一个主从复合句。 p(dJf&D
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: [^sv.
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主句:what…is not a photographic reflection of the world, but an instantaneous unthinking calculation evOyTvc
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