考博英语作文背诵经典(带翻译) 2`=jKt
01 The Language of Music }1#m+ (;
A painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see x3O%W?5
it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Y%
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Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the w"R<8e=
composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and U^PXpNQ'
as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to 07 LyB\l~
become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for ]Uv,}W
musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet !JCs'?A
dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would PxKBcx4o`
be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice ^6W}ZLp
moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to J9T2 p\5
and fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements. A?YYR%o%'
Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in Nc+0_|,
tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are KsULQJ#,
already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility :C5w5
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to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: the "VaWZ
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hammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound FvsVfV U
like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. V
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This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student 6P{bUom?
conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it dk&F?B{6T
should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with \,;glY=M!
fanatical but selfless authority. WuK<?1meN
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge @GQe-04W`
and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in 2}^=NUM\NX
the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any J^8j|%h%e
century. I_1?J*
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01 音乐的语言 D`XXR}8V
画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上,每个人都可以观赏到。 作曲家写完了一部作品,得由 ANm@$xO*
演奏者将其演奏出来,其他人才能得以欣赏。因为作曲家是如此完全地依赖于职业歌手和职 业演奏者,所以职业歌手和职业演奏者肩上的担子可谓不轻。 i#:To
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一名学音乐的学生要想成为 一名演奏者,需要经受长期的、严格的训练,就象一名医科的学生要成为一名医生一样。 绝 大多数的训练是技巧性的。 SQ)BS/8A
音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度,必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演 员相当的水平。 歌手们每天都练习吊嗓子,因为如果不能有效地控制肌肉的话,他们的声 rmg\Pa8W>
带将不能满足演唱的要求。 弦乐器的演奏者练习的则是在左手的手指上下滑动的同时,用 O?vh]o
右手前后拉动琴弓--两个截然不同的动作。歌手和乐器演奏者必须使所有的音符完全相同协 调。 钢琴家们则不用操这份心,因为每个音符都已在那里等待着他们了。 %M
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给钢琴调音是调 音师的职责。 但调音师们也有他们的难处: 他们必须耐心地调理敲击琴弦的音锤,不能让 ~~yng-3)1
音锤发出的声音象是打击乐器,而且每个交叠的音都必须要清晰。如何得到乐章清晰的纹理 0H_Ai=G
是学生指挥们所面临的难题:他们必须学会了解音乐中的每一个音及其发音之道。 他们还 ~W@dF~r
必须致力于以热忱而又客观的权威去控制这些音符。除非是和音乐方面的知识和悟性结合起 来,单纯的技巧没有任何用处。 (MXy\b
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艺术家之所以伟大在于他们对音乐语言驾轻就熟,以致于 可以满怀喜悦地演出写于任何时代的作品。
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>02 Schooling and Education .vHHw@
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people &r[f ;|o
go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today CDJ@Tdp
children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction K+Him]
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between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. 1ZFKLI`V
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. C).\ J !
Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the 1XiA
shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes WSpF/Wwc
both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole _sy{rnaqvb
universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a wXQu%F3
revered grandparent to the ];5J
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people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished FKL4`GEm
scientist. xR-;,=J
Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often ?Nt( sZ-
produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person K2*rqg
to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in !=S?*E +j)
education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive =.s0"[%
term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start {5VJprTbv
of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. 8K2 @[TE=5
Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose >-c?+oy
general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. i7)J|(N2.
Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately (?A
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the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar ";dS~(~
textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that ,~7~ S"
are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the '-myOM7
workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the \i?bt0 bM
subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are ~> )>hy)
not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems 7&