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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 ) <^9`
一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 3 @s|tm1
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r [-f0s;F1% v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 j
wlmWO6 v 时间状语从句当中的时态： Un c;@=c X&0m$ x vQ^a7 一般过去时 所有的过去 -N(y+~wN 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 0PE $n 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 .Ej `! 一．非谓语动词 O ?p.kf{b
一．不定式： =L{lt9qQz
#dE #w#=r 一）不定式的常考形式： %}j.6'`{
8K*X]Z h 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. t*5d'aE`/ 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. L.$9ernVY 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 8Y3c,p/gS>
)TJz'J\* 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. w&f8AY)#]4 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. }OJ*o 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 Yr-a8aSTE5
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*X 二）不定式常考的考点： ag]b]K
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W_)N 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 9xP{#Qa
7f8%WD) 2）不定式做状语----目的 >};,Byv!%
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+j 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 8[C p
i :Pg&474f 三)不定式的省略 {/uBZ(
g P/[=: 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel vD D !.i
|Yh-`~~A" + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； bYQ h{q + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 qGuz`&i I saw him work in the garden yesterday. Ziu f<X{
4A^hP![c#] 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) #pBAGm 3 I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 7J~6J .m 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） bW;0E %_ v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. nT` NfN 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to E$.|h;i]Q
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m|],' I ‘d like to have John do it. ?=jmyDXH!
96]lI3 c I have my package weighed. s#`%c({
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W=5+k0Q Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. ]w]Swt2n
pWSYbN+d 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do %=/Y~ml?
6T< ~mn 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： !s.G$ JS<
M~I M;my want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do
~ i1w,;( force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do W 0tBF&E" be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do [4
g5 {eX nuw90=qj!] 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
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l6xC'c,jg accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. ?XsL4HI x 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 00U8 <~u
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i He needs (a lot of) encouraging. hOfd<k\A miuJ!Kr'
Xu3^tH-b< 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 qw%4j9}
LAw X9q` 1)是名词 seeing is believing PHDKx+$ 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. IL3,dad'^ 一)动名词的形式: dT/Cn v=
zY[6Ia{L 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. %!(6vm>8 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. :b=`sUn<X+ 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. {aGQ[MH\9 二) 动名词常考的点 ?j8CkqX!
'9auQ(2 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数
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fQ#mx.|8y 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 WRVKh
?e3q0Lg3 | 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. ^%go\ C ;
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S I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． Ma-^o<{ A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） CFul_qZ/e I regret not having taken your advice. !G\1$"T$ 4)有些词后只能接动名词 a2dF(H
*>_:E6) admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... 'QCvN
b6 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： ZR..>= it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... -|f9~(t c%xxsq2n {\]SvoJnJ 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 _;'}P2&Q
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/J9F' remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 Xj !0jF33
xg3 G I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) rTmcP23]
{jk {K6 } I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) N.&)22<m9
VaX>tUW forgot与remember的用法类似。 !>>$'.nb@~ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… |$1j;#h
Lo;T\C N I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 -Ep-v4} try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. a 2).Az
Zqx5I~ try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. DbOWnXV "o
[$] JvF I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 E"u>&uPH To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 qP zgGbmD9 prefer的用法： E; RI.6y 我宁愿在这里等。 M% $zor I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） ["@K~my~D* I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） u 4)i7 I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） "I+wU`AIek }1(F~6R
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W6wgX0H 3 分词： 6o J~Jdn'
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