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 考博英语语法归纳
英语语法归纳 Va
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一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 !x$ : 8R
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!T|0 7#c \4OK!6LkI v CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 {hx
W,mmA v 时间状语从句当中的时态： 5\VxXiy 0 S\B5&W xttYn ]T 一般过去时 所有的过去 IK8% Q(.c 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 v-ThdE$G# 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 DeA @0HOxh 一．非谓语动词 --Oprl
一．不定式： D2 Y&[zgv
,MRvuw0P 一）不定式的常考形式： gC0;2
l x7Kw% 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. ?3[tJreVj 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. %Hh3u$Y, 语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生 PDhWFF
TNx _Rc} 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. ~fBex_.o* 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. Q2q| *EL 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 z=B<
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$1~c_<DN 二）不定式常考的考点： ikr7DBLt
;:U<ce= 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 k9 l^6#<?
> <X $# 2）不定式做状语----目的 lO[E[c G
$}db /hY* 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. ~zMDY F"&
S4)A6z$ 三)不定式的省略 Y!M~#oqio
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<r 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel } #qQ2NCH
3 tF: + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； zXjw nep + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 * .o"ZVl I saw him work in the garden yesterday. QhsVIta
FJ}gUs{m 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) Ts#pUoE~+H I saw him working in the garden yesterday. p.5e:
i^LJ 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） $C$ub&D
~" v 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. V,m3 -=q 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to :mP9^Do2;
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ZK%)vq0 I ‘d like to have John do it. \+9;!VWhl
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I have my package weighed. > e/ r2U
i&*<lff Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. cf\&No?-p
Fo(y7$33* 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do S}b~_}
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IfOD"r 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： ^o bC4(
{"t5\U6cKM want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do %mu>-h ac force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do C bQ4Y be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 1f R P1 2LC
w*eT{) 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 F 3s?&T)[G
qX?[mdCHZ accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. *D c@CmBr 三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。 x) 5LT}p
-K^41W71 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. z37Z %^ \%4|t,en
cJ/4G l 二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词 ST%
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SM5 1)是名词 seeing is believing #C x%OIi[f 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. q :8\ e 一)动名词的形式: |]tZ hI"3<
61>f( ?s 一般形式：I don't like you smoking. yW`e |! 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. [xf$VkjuF 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. v2=/[E@ 二) 动名词常考的点 /a
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cd&B?\I 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 p&O8qAaO
Ro~fvL~Ps 2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词 O 4!9
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^Et ,TF\ 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. Khap9a_q-
&~ y{'zoL I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon． 8JP6M!F# A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对） Y$ +QNi I regret not having taken your advice. ;AJ<
LC 4)有些词后只能接动名词 M?R!n$N_
6% UY1Q.? admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand... +N8aq<l 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法： P=Puaz5&{ it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point... (7 L/eDMT Z)5klg$c -$9
~xX 5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 1J&#&\,f&
*l {4lu remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。 s 6/cL|Ex
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I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) >Zo-wYG
{KsVK4\r I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) P8IRH#ED
-F1P2 8<? forgot与remember的用法类似。 KX=/B=3~ I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你… FCAJavOGH
{zu/tCq? I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。 r_q~'r35 _ try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness. [NjajA~z>F
?;fv !'?% try –ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. T xu>/1N ,
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)l{7 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 y+= \z*9
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 v|>BDN@,
6 prefer的用法： 0OEtU5lf`y 我宁愿在这里等。 [:B W+6 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） sY_fq.Z I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） *6' _5~G I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。）
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,znL,%s 3 分词： D8W (CE^}
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现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 ]2g5Ka[>w
现在分词的形式: 7~:>WMv9
1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生) f7 K8m|
2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前) jjNxatAN
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3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 5QNBB|X@
过去分词 YstXNN4
1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. S`iM.;|`O
2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做) 65 NWX8f}
这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。 <ihhV e
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