过去分词与形容词的语义差： e!k4 Ij-]
1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things ;jKL B^4nX
the destructive power of modern weapons 9zLeyw\
Damaged: being in a bad state \SJX;7 ST
emotionally damaged children Ty;^3
2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements g`6I, 6G
He’s one of the most respected managers in the game. 7PO]\X^(zE
Respectful: feeling or showing respect aCfWbJ@qiG
They listened in respectful silence. Pn ?g
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3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides. 2UBAk')O}
Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby. lI9|"^n7F
Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment. 9S5C{~P4
4. Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights. )[E7\pc
Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative. !Okl3
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5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother. T!1XL7
Lovable: a sweet lovable child vU#>3[aC
Lovely: We had a lovely holiday. Pf3F)y [=
6. Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone. g(o^' f
Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds P
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Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford. 8(!?y[
虚拟语气 +rDKx (Rk
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 QghL=
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 ;"NW= P&
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 cfc=a
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) gjB(P wx
It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) V$ " ]f6
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 X9YbTN
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 .ITTY QHv)
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) o"qG'\ x
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) u X (
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（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ii ^Nxnc=
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
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2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 Co:Rg@i(F
(1)不定式作表语 lt{"N'Gw6
1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 p7,dl *'
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 fLuOxYQb f
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 Rab7Y,AA
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 p$$0**
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To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 Nkk+*(Z
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。 mHc5NkvQC
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 > NtJ)N*
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 T{lK$j
The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior. ifadnl26
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The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant． x#'v}(v
(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 W tp;se@#
Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 =gO4B-[
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。 -\8v{ry
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 %"AB\lL.
People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake. ?rQIUP{D7
His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected． F7JF1HfCP
(3)分词作表语 p ^ )iC&*0
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： +?GsIp@>jh
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 D 8)6yPwE
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 XM:
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delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 RFLw)IWkL_
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 `~2I
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 r!/<%\S
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 6~a 4-5;>z
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 )^j62uv
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 U,Z7n H3_
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 &Yd6w}8
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 \ 9#X]H
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 x+,:k=JMT
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 !u|s8tN.U
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 4
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They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 "$A5:1;
3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 |F&02 f!]@
英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： G@scz!Nt
(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 | *N;R+b
1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 __`6 W1
attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 EAK[2?CY
afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 >YR2h/S
arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 Zhc99 L &K
begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 K7w
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appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 L$v<t/W
cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 L)" CE].
ask问 dread害怕 need需要 z[0tM&pv
agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 piXL6V @c
swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 3zMaHh)mj
bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 XT1P.
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beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 Ugme>60`'k
bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 Ey{ p;; H
care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 se*k56,
decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 "iUh.c=0F,
choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 ZtY?X- 4_
claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 0 gR_1~3
start开始 undertake承接 want想要 k+~2
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consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 M"6J"s
decide决定 learn学习 vow起 l[[^]__
contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 j{6O:d6([$
