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主题 : 医学考博英语长难句解析
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楼主  发表于: 07-01   

医学考博英语长难句解析

 1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; 2iOV/=+  
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  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; j^'go&p  
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  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 ?}0,o.  
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  1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically WLT"ji0w2  
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  private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine _U (  
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  what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those M-71 1|eGI  
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  goods services that they want most. W4S,6(  
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  【词汇】 QV!up^Zso  
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  private-enterprise:n. 民营企业 [WmM6UEVS  
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  market-oriented:adj. 以市场为导向 uFE)17E  
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  【句式结构】 5+vaE 2v  
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  句子主干为 The American economic system is market-oriented economy;organizedaround a basically private-enterprise 过去分词短语作定语,修饰 economic system;in which ^ c|/*u  
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  引导定语从句,修饰 market-oriented economy;在定语从句中,主谓成分是 consumers largely determine;what Ac@VGT:9  
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  引导的宾语从句做 determine 的宾语成分;in themarketplace 做地点状语;for 引导的介词短语做目的状语,“在市场上消费是为了......”;在 for 引导的介词短语中包含一个定语从句,由 that 引导的定语从句修饰 those goods services。 Tk }]Gev  
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  【翻译】 ZVBXx\{s  
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  美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 )5, v!X)  
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  2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demof individual zCZf%ATq  
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  consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits the **%37  
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  desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what Ui~>SN>s  
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  shall be produced how resources are used to produce it. ';CNGv -  
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  【词汇】 SUiOJ[5,  
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  demof 要求…,需求…; q9"96({\@  
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  couple with 与…连接在一起 c 9Mz]1@f  
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  the desire of...的欲望 wk^B"+Uhy  
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  maximize 最大化 x2xRBkRg=  
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  income 收入,所得,收益 &C}*w2]0S  
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  be used to do 被用来做 _a, s )  
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  【句式结构】 \z$= K  
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  本句是强调句式 it is...that...,真正的主语是 the demof individual consumers;过去分词短语 F59 TZI  
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  coupled with 引导了由 连接的两个并列成分即 the desire of businessmen to maximize profits 和 tQVVhXQ7  
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  the desire of individuals to maximize their income;谓语是 determine,后面由 F4QVAOM]U  
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  连接了两个并列的宾语从句,即由 what 引导的宾语从句和 how 引导的宾语从句;in the American economic system 8ag!K*\ V<  
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  是地点状语。 9r9NxKuAO  
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  【翻译】 4H/OBR  
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  因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 z:O8Ls^\T  
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  3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducingits cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price permit more consumers to buy theproduct. f$( e\+ +  
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  【词汇】 \e_O4  
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  on the other hand:在另一方面 zs;JJk^  
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  commodity:n. 商品; 日用品; 有价值的物品 in turn:依次; 轮流地; 相应地 u2I Cl  
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  permit:v. 准许; 放任; 允许,容许 1M-pr 8:6s  
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  【句式分析】 ^.tg7%dJ  
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  句子的主干为 this will tend to increase the supply;if 引导条件状语从句,在从句中,主谓成分为 ;<5q]/IHK  
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  producing more of a commodity results in...;主句中过去分词 offered 做后置定语修饰 the ]_Xlq_[/r  
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  supply;which 引导非限定性定语从句,修饰前面的主句。 =43auFY-P  
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  【翻译】 d _ e WcI  
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  另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商的供给,而这也会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
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沙发  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; 23?rEhKe  
OZT.=^:A  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; >+waX "e  
Ie^l~ Gb  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 __@BUK{q  
]?)TdJ`  
  长难句解析 $"&J WT!#  
6#yUc_5 \  
  4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not X|[`P<'N<  
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  only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including RyNs6  
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  the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with &?vgP!d&M  
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  another private individual.  9 a kH  
{|\.i  
  【词汇】 E e]-qN*8  
d"NLE'R  
  the concept of ...的概念 ap~^Ty<>  
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  private property 私人财产 LF7SS;&~f  
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  embrace 包括; 包含;拥抱; 2-b6gc7  
uGt-l4  
  ownership 物主身份; 所有权 N<-Gk6`C/  
`lPfb[b  
  the right to...的权利 :L;a:xSpn=  
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  【句式结构】 qFNes)_r  
g1o8._f.  
  句子主干部分是 the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of $g7<Y*t[  
wf $s*|z  
  productive resources but also certain rights;not only...but m6djeOl  
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  also...是固定搭配,表示不仅... Uwi7)  
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  还...;分词结构 including the right to.....做伴随状语,表明 certain rights 的内容;而在 h} EPnC}  
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  伴随状语当中,or 连接了两个并列成分即 to determine the price of a product 和 to make a free _~ &iq1  
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  contract with another private individual,表明 the right 的内容。 ,: ->ErP  
 ][]  
  【翻译】 nvUc\7(%NW  
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  在美国经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权,也指其他一些特定的权利,如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签订合同的权利。 LrK,_)r:~  
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  5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest p^u:&Quac  
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  which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel staffing EyLuO-5  
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  assignments to be made accordingly. they also identify preferred customers g>9kXP+  
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  for promotional campaigns. %!L9)(}"  
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  【词汇】 W"3ph6[eW  
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  efficient:adj. 有效率的; 能干的; 收效大的 Yir [!{  
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  personnel: n. 全体员工; (与复数动词连用)人员,员工 T"}vAG( .O  
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  assignment: n. 分配; 任务; 指定,委派 %9RF   
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  identify: v. 识别,认出; 确定 6B ?twh)  
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  campaign: n. 运动; 竞选运动 I15{)o(8$  
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  【句式结构】 1~QPG\cdIX  
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  在第一个句子中,主干为 these computers record,谓动词 record 后面紧跟两个由 m7>JJX3=<  
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  which 引导的宾语从句;逗号后面的分词 allowing 引导状语,用来修饰主句。第二个句子中,主干是 they...identify...,其中 Ezv Y"T@  
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  preferred 是一个形容词,意为“有优先权的,优先的”,作前置定语修饰 customers。 D+7R z_=  
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  【翻译】 5RpjN: 3  
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  同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的,哪些员工工作效率较高,这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 ^B 2 -)  
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  6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine 3CGp`~Zf  
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  publishers, from gas electric utilities to milk processors, bring better h@WhNk7"xa  
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  more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. -n<pPau2  
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  【词汇】 'xg Lt(  
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  numerous:adj. 很多的,许多的; 数不清的 @\P;W(m.i  
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  enterprise:n. 企(事)业单位 h J#xB6  
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  utility:n. 功用,效用; 有用的物体或器械 l.bYE/F0&  
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  【句式分析】 Jh[UtYb 5  
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  句子主干为 Numerous other commercial enterprises...bring...;两个 <=0 u2~E  
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  from...to...介词短语做状语修饰主语 numerous other commercial enterprises;through Ab"@714@  
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  引导的介词短语做方式状语。 b4ONh%  
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  【翻译】 .KUv( -  
:'l^kSP_*C  
  不计其数的其他商业企业,从剧院到杂志出版商,从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂,都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
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板凳  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; (HE9V]  
Midy"  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; ft KTnK.  
j=aI9p  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 =U|.^5sa#  
"4+ WZR]  
  长难句解析 \BZhf?9U  
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  Exceptional children are different in some significant way from othersof the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences. cm[&?  
v+`N*\J_  
  【词汇】 _5# y06Q  
D (m j7oB  
  exceptional: adj. 优越的;杰出的;例外的;独特的 (Dl$kGn  
Id|L`  w  
  significant: adj. 重要的;有重大意义的;值得注意的 7/f3Z 1g  
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  potential: adj. 潜在的,有可能的 J ) ~L   
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  be adapted to: 适应于;适合于 e<h~o!z a  
uv(Sdiir8  
  【句式结构】 7~aM=8r  
FCuB \ Q  
  第一句话中主干成分是 Exceptional children are different...from...;其中 in some m{uxI za  
&[/w_| b  
  significant way 是介词短语做状语;of the same age 是介词短语做 others 的后置定语。第二句话中主干成分是 their Jjv=u   
H {k^S\K  
  education must be adapted to...,是被动语态;For these children to develop M&U j^K1  
RUT,Y4 b  
  to...是介词短词做目的状语,表明“为了这些孩子发展......”。 %S nd\  
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  【翻译】 mvZw  
9 ;Ox;;w  
  残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能,他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 ^(h+URFpA  
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  The great interest in exceptional children shown in public educationover the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all Q|L9g z[?  
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  citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully a@*S+3  
@u%_ 1  
  develop their capabilities. 5qoSEI-m  
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  【词汇】 Yvjc1  
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  indicate: vt. 表明,指示;象征,暗示 !0C ^TCuG  
.?e\I`Kk^'  
  citizen: n. 公民;市民 e `,ds~  
/BV03B  
  deserve: vt. 应受;应得;值得 P7MeX(Tay  
o b|BXF  
  capability: n. 才能;能力;容量;性能 Zg`Mz _?  
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  【句式结构】 | j a-  
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  ①句子主干成分为:The great interest...indicates the strong feeling...; -O!Zxg5x  
 \qR %%S  
  ② 过去分词作后置定语: shown 作定语修饰 The great interest in exceptionalchildren,补充完整为定语从句则为:..., which was shown...; -7&Gi +]  
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  ③时间状语:over the past decades; UaViI/ks  
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  ④地点状语:in our city; lF?tQB/a  
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  ⑤同位语从句:that all citizens...develop their capabilities,用于解释说明 the strongfeeling; 4bEf  
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  ⑥定语从句:whatever their special conditions,该从句省略了系动词 are,补充完 fb:j%1WF  
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  整后是:whatever their special conditions are; {]]|5 \F  
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  ⑦目的状语:to fully develop...。 \ y{Tn@7  
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  【翻译】 gOK\ %&S]  
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  在过去的 30年中,公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪,那就是所有的公民,不管其情况有多特殊,都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。 % 9#gB  
N#_GJSG_|  
  9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable T}=>C+3r  
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  price, thereby establishing a firm home market so making it possible to ^p/Ob'!  
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  provide for export at competitive prices. a`u S[r>  
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  【词汇】 $eBX  
!HJ$UG/\  
  distribution: n. 分配,分布 02k4 N%  
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  reasonable: adj. 合理的;有理性的 N9rBW   
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  establish: vt. 建立,创建 A;u"<KG?  
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  competitive: adj. 竞争的;(价格等)有竞争力的 M-uMZQ e  
$8BE[u|H2  
  【句式分析】 P~FUS%39"o  
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  句子主干为 It serves...to....;其中 at reasonable price 做方式状语;thereby 后面连 l#wdpD a{  
.M4IGOvOS  
  接了两个并列的现在分词结构—establishing ...so making...,用作目的状语;making Bfv.$u00p  
7a$ G@  
  后面的 it 是形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式 to provide for export...。 H2-28XGc  
3v!~cC~cI  
  【翻译】 ~H}en6Rc  
www`=)A;  
  它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去,因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场,同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
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地板  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; ^`qPs/b  
aP>37s  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; }o9Aa0$*$  
Z]:BYX'  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 :a< hQ|p  
xUYo w  
  长难句解析 1ZKzum F  
chAan~r[*  
  10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the =`I?mn&  
-0,4eg j3  
  terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to wh~s Z  
G"S5ki`o  
  live up to the promise of his advertisements. xKJ>gr"w#  
S@:B6](D$  
  【词汇】 KC&`x |  
wTpD1"_R  
  apart from: 除此之外;除去;撇开......来说 < `Z%O<X  
IF?xnu  
  parliament: n. 议会,国会 =p\Xy*  
f: %SW  
  term: n. 条款;术语;期限 {~GR8 U  
F WTx&Ip  
  fail to do: 未能(做)......,没能(做)...... c d%hW  
xVR:; Jy[  
  live up to: 达到高标准;;实行;履行 =FBIrw{w  
3%M.U)|+  
  【句式结构】 -fux2?8M  
)bYez  
  ①句子主干成分为:no regular advertiser dare promote a product...,其中 dare 做情态动词; dB`b9)Tk0z  
5V|tXsy:  
  ②定于从句:that fails to live up to ...advertisements,修饰先行词 a product; t&"5dM\  
>RR<eYu7m  
  ③介词短语做状语:Apart from the fact...advertising,表示“除去......的事实外”; M1uP\Sa  
kGD|c=K}  
  ④同位语从句:that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of z^~U]S 3  
+{xG<Wkltz  
  advertising,解释说明 the fact。 FR'b`Xv:  
6{^*JC5nj  
  【翻译】 Mw|SH;nM  
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  除去议会有 27 件法案来规范广告的条件,没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。 Y:%"K  
s=\7)n=,M  
  11. If its message were confined merely to information — that in itself L{K*~B-p  
36i_D6  
  would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the ;8EjjF [>  
htg'tA^CtS  
  choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive——advertising would be so Wy,"cT  
0hZxN2r  
  boring that no one would pay any attention. T Xl\hL\+  
GFY-IC+fc  
  【词汇】 !pV<n  
9T]va]w?#  
  be confined to: 局限于;禁闭于... &}|0CR.(  
intvlki]be  
  subtly: adv. 隐隐约约地 Qq>ElQ@  
iGyVG41U  
  persuasive: adj. 有说服力的;劝诱的 z}mvX .j7  
9OhR4 1B  
  pay attention to: 注意;关注 c_[ JjG^?P  
K9LEIby  
  【句式结构】 n=r= u'oi  
<f[9ju  
  ①句子主干为:advertising would be so boring...; ZG!x$ yi$  
|M]sk?"^  
  ②结果状语从句:that no one would pay any attention; vFR 1UPF  
d[yrNB6|  
  ③条件状语从句:If its message were confined merely to information,以及后面并列的条件句 i~(#S8U4d  
%pd5w~VP  
  that...would be difficult...,其中 that 指代前面的整个句子,即,If its message were confined Y<de9Z@  
Mn-<51.%  
  merely to information。be difficult if not impossible 5 7'q;I  
%{=4Fa(Jux  
  是个常见的搭配表达,意思是“很难做到......”。 ;;D% l^m+  
[p2g_bI8yK  
  ④原因状语从句:for even a detail...is subtly persuasive,其中 such as the choice of rK*hTjVn  
X"laZd947>  
  the color of a shirt 作为一个插入语。 l85O-g}M  
4p*?7g_WVH  
  【翻译】 d5 N)^\z  
yl[2et  
  如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言,如果这不是完全不可能达到的,也是非常难做的,因为如果连一个诸如衬衫颜色的选择这样的细节都具有微妙的说服力,那么广告就会非常乏味以至于没有人会关注它。 #}nBS-+  
N=hSqw[  
  12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the ::kpl2r\c  
zUvB0\{q  
  foreigner who learns a new language——all these are examples of people who have *G8'Fjin'T  
tzx:*  
  measurable results to show for their efforts. <m-Ni  
[^cs~ n4  
  【词汇】 -i| /JH  
lqhHbB  
  promotion: n. 促进,增进,(商品等的)推广 $Vd?K@W[h  
X`8Y[Vb3}  
  foreigner: n. 外国人;外人;陌生人 =>E44v  
OJh+[bf"  
  Measurable: adj. 可量度的;可测量的;可预见的 EU`' 8*4  
yQ72v'  
  【句式分析】 }xpe  
G7Edi;y/{  
  ①句子的主干是:all these are examples of people...; ^XjvJa  
0j-F6a*p'1  
  ②定语从句: @]}Qh;a~  
>KH( nc$  
  who gets a promotion 修饰先行词 The workers; @ y&h4^)z  
Dg?Ho2ih  
  whose grades improve 修饰先行词 the student; :Kt{t46)  
fSgGQ D4  
  who learns a new language 修饰先行词 the foreigner; |\yDgs%EGy  
dja9XWOg  
  who have measurable results...修饰先行词 people; Lx4H/[$6D  
#UP,;W  
  ③不定式做目的状语:to show for their efforts。 {Hrr:hC  
$n_sGr  
  【翻译】 Z=1,<ydKV  
:Kt mSY  
  得到了升迁的工人们,成绩进步的学生,学会了一门新语言的外国人——这些都是那些有可衡量的结果来显示其努力的人们的例证
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地下室  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; cmC&s'/8`D  
\&|w;  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; gP"Mu#/D  
Yru1@/;  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 TQyFF/K  
=z7 Ay  
  长难句解析 \H'CFAuF  
,J4a~fPf  
  13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of A'P}mrY  
rea}Uq+po  
  many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of yW7S }I  
P+ h<{%:*  
  information is cut off, with it the confidence that information will be >0G}, S  
"q#kh,-C  
  available when needed will be trustworthy reliable. Y3F.hk}O  
kv FOk  
  【词汇】 d3q/mg5a  
JT+lWhy  
  move away from: 从......离开;搬到别处去住 lK D<  
XdXS^QA .s  
  stable: adj. 稳定的 YuZ   
$/sZYsN~T  
  extended: adj. 延伸的;伸展的;延长的; ;$&5I9 N  
{?M*ZRO'  
  informal: adj. 非正式的 < $/Yw   
rG'k<X~7  
  cut off: 切断 fP4IOlHkE  
1$!K2=%OXj  
  available: adj.可获得的,能找到的 9YsO+7[  
1OGv+b)  
  trustworthy: adj. 值得信赖的,可靠的 vxfh1B&  
9'r3L)[  
  reliable: adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 z Clm'X/  
=1B&d [3;  
  【句式分析】 Q`fA)6U  
! 6`nN1A  
  ①句子主干:the informal flow of information is cut off。 "4- Nnm  
ue2nfp  
  ②时间状语从句:As families move away from...family relationships,其中 as ju 6_L<  
^x#RUv  
  放在句首引导时间状语从句,翻译为“随着”。their stable community、their friends of many years 和 their N.cRZm%  
s+t eYL#Zi  
  extended family relationships 三者并列,构成介词 from 的三个宾语。 QU;C*}0Zl  
{ J%$.D(/  
  ③介词短语做伴随状语:with it the confidence...reliable,其中 it 指代的是 the informal R')GQ.yYq  
87*[o  
  flow of information is cut off,译为“随之而去”。 jWCC`0 T  
enepAu-="p  
  ④定语从句:that information will be available when needed will be 30-w TcG  
/ 1GZN *I  
  trustworthy reliable. 其中 that 引导了定语从句,修饰先行词 the confidence。 tHo/uW_~I  
;]ew>P)  
  ⑤时间状语从句:when needed,其中省略了主语和系动词 it is。 +\m!# CSA  
Sgy~Z^  
  【翻译】 Nd)o1 {I  
~hX'FV  
  随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区,离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系,非正式的信息流动被切断了,随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。 tq93 2M4  
#&gy@!a~  
  14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, . 2Q/D?a  
hY'%SV p  
  the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her _P+|tW1  
pr?(5{BL  
  specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, sometimes even |e(x< [s5  
:.^rWCL2  
  overwhelming. s o s&  
14zzWzKx  
  【词汇】 5eJd$}Lbc  
6dlPS{H#U  
  individual: adj. 个人;个体 - d6>  
\aozecpC`  
  generation: n. 一代人;时代 ?a(3~dh|  
$r_gFv  
  one piece of 一条...... Q0q$ZK6C  
2e=Hjf )  
  relevant: adj. 有关的,中肯的;相关联的 gd*?kXpt  
ozG:f*{T  
  specific: adj. 明确的;特种的;具体的 3dLz=.=)'  
f|)t[,c  
  overwhelming: adj. 势不可挡的,压倒一切的,巨大的 ~Otf "<  
/|f]L9)2<  
  【句式分析】 C~*m&,@TT^  
hFv}JQJw<  
  该句是由 and(第一个 and)连接的两个句子构成的并列句。其中第一个分句的主干为:The individual now has more lN w?}H  
=\.|'  
  information available than any generation, 该分句中出现了比较级结构 more...than... |Sq>uC)  
O&uOm:/(  
  第二个分句的主干为:the task of finding...is complicated, time-consuming, sometimes We2=|AB  
R >TtAm0N  
  even overwhelming,其中表语是三个并列的成分。在第二个分句中 of finding that...是介词短语做后置定语修饰 the QNY{ p k  
t~Ax#H  
  task,that one piece of information...problem 做 finding 的宾语,relevant to his or "-sz7}Mb  
$}@l l^  
  her specific problem 是形容词短语作紧邻的 information 的后置定语。 v.MWO]L  
vbp)/I-h  
  【翻译】 :%gBcL9T  
e [n>U@  
  现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多,而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时,有时甚至令人难以招架。 (;N_lF0  
*zcH3a,9"x  
  15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, tx.sUu6  
fi1UUJ0 U;  
  problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes be_t;p`3  
o9CB ,c7]  
  and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Kfh"XpWc$  
[(hENX}o :  
  【词汇】 %/7`G-a.B  
P06K0Fxf  
  expertise: n. 希赛网;专门知识或技能 0 (n/hJ  
YeQX13C"Z  
  teleconferencing: n. 远程电信会议 <}evOw2  
^t"\PpmK<d  
  in dispute 在争论中 >.A{=?   
UX6-{ RP  
  settle: v. 解决;安排;使定居;使沉淀 &Z?uK,8  
iMS S8J  
  participant: n. 参加者,参与者 s<myZ T$  
W \"cp[b  
  distant: adj. 遥远的 q8U]Hyp(`  
X- zg  
  【句式分析】 MDRSI g  
;fuy}q8@7  
  ①句子主干:Expertise can be shared..., problems...can be settled...,该句是由and(第一个 and)连接的两个分句构成的并列句,且两个分句都使用了被动结构。 u{si  
:)+cI?\#  
  ②介词短语做方式状语:through teleconferencing。 f@ySTz;u  
A&z  
  ③介词短语作后置定语:in dispute 做后置定语修饰 problems。 Cu}Rq!9i  
]_-<[ 0  
  ④without 引导独立主格结构:without the participants leaving...conferencesite。其中独立主语是 the participants,动作是 leaving。to travel to a distant conference site C@K@TfK!M  
UXd\Q''  
  是不定式做目的状语。 _:{XL c  
-IPc;`<  
  【翻译】 ZI1[jM{4^F  
K]RkKMT,  
  通过远程会议,希赛网知识可以在全世界范围内被分享,而争论的问题能够得到解决,同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
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5楼  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; \07 s'W U  
< jfi"SJu  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; |Zz3X  
Yk[yG;W  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 Z?X ^7<  
4u A ;--j  
  长难句解析 M++*AZ  
r'-)@|  
  16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. (m})V0/`  
R|Y)ow51  
  【词汇】 taw #r  
_<&IpT{w+  
  compete against: 与......竞争 UEt #;e  
sJ25<2/  
  in some way: 在某些方面 zAS&L%^tV  
+ ,0RrD )  
  fellow: n. 同伴;(大学的)研究员 DM"`If%3j  
ybcQ , e  
  【句式分析】 >i-cR4=LL{  
 jmz, 1[  
  ①句子主干:The current passion for...produces a two-layer system;? (WX,&`a<$  
I"y=A7Nq  
  ②动名词作介词宾语:making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system; pO4}6\1\  
mS6L6)] S  
  ③非限定性定语从句:..., in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. % =br-c  
x4Y+?2  
  【翻译】 N_UZu  
M n3cIGL  
  现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构,在这个结构里面善于竞争的 A 类好像在某个方面要比他们 B 类的同辈更胜一筹。 :TxfkicN\  
8S &`  
  17 While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your FD,M.kbg  
x?VX,9;j  
  education, your experience, other qualifications will pay him to employ you n(0O'nS^  
: DCj2"  
  your "wares" abilities must be displayed in an orderly reasonably %DbL|;z1  
D/"[/!  
  connected manner. !Z`~=n3bk  
W -8<sv$b  
  【词汇】 25NZIal<  
Yy@;U]R  
  qualification: n. 资格,授权;条件,限制 nxA Y ]Q  
/#GX4&z  
  ware: n. 商品;制品;作…用的器皿 &Ru|L.G`  
eo24I0 `N  
  display: vt. 展示;陈列;伸展;炫耀 4w}\2&=  
kS%FV;9>(  
  orderly: adv. 依次地,顺序地;有规则地;有条理地 O$V 6QJ  
b54<1\&  
  【句式分析】 +^iUY%pm  
No=Ig-It  
  ①句子的主干:your could-be employer is deciding; s7A{<>:  
3?|Fn8dQR.  
  ②现在分词作时间状语:While talking to you,这是省略形式,补充完整后是While your could-be employer is talking to you; |CexP^;!U  
MMqkNe  
  ③whether 引导的并列宾语从句:whether your education, your experience, other qualifications will pay him to employ you your “wares” abilities must be displayed in an orderly reasonably connected manner. V7G?i\>  
J^R))R=  
  【翻译】 v7&e,:r2E@  
$W<H[k&(B  
  在跟你谈话的时候,可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你,而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。 M}k )Ep9  
@Kd1|K  
  18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain. ~}q"M[{  
AyB-+oTf(  
  【词汇】 8p,q9Ey  
gbL99MZ@~  
  fund: vt. 为......提供资金,投资 bHH{bv~Z  
" ;_bB"q*  
  broadcast: vt. 广播,使广为人知;vi. 播放节目;传播 6;60}y  
}L^Yoq]  
  for the time being: 暂时,眼下 $Q{)AN;m  
?7 e|gpQ|  
  【句式分析】 X aW@CW  
Z $ Fh4  
  ①句子的主干:该句是由 but 连接的两个转折关系的分句:前半句为 The corporation willsurvive;后半句的主干可以表达为 A are the subject of B。 'g$~ij ;x  
B$1nq#@  
  ②时间状语:at least for the time being 2+M(!FHfy  
5V!L~#  
  【翻译】 jz QmYcd  
RXh0hD  
  英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来,至少目前会这样,但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
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6楼  发表于: 07-01   
1.名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句; E@^`B9 ;Q7  
&>\E >mJ  
  2.形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句; 5<w"iqZ\?N  
1v!Xx+}  
  3.状语从句,在句子中通常是时间地点方式的状语。 I1^0RB{~  
]b4*`}\  
  长难句解析 9-[g/qrF  
*X+T>SKL  
  19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC——including ordinary listeners viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, even whether they thought it was worth keeping. wr,X@y%(!  
4N& VT"  
  【词汇】 2c@4<kyfP  
?&EPZqI  
  launch: vt. 发动;开展(活动、计划等);发射 U4qp?g+:  
,pE{N&p9  
  be worth doing: 值得做 YQe9g>G&  
Lo _5r T"  
  【句式分析】 T V\21  
pE@Q (9`b{  
  ①句子主干:The debate was launched by the government; b7Jk{x #u  
'qwFVP  
  ②非限定性定语从句:..., which invited anyone...it was worth keeping. ? M%pxv6?""{  
_Z z" `  
  ③介词短语作宾补:with an opinion of the BBC 修饰宾语 anyone; Tn,'*D@l  
W}#eQ|oCV  
  ④ 介词短语作定语:including ordinary listeners viewers 修饰 anyone; L^uO.eI"m  
v?BX 4FO  
  ⑤ 不定式作目的状语:to say...; ku3Vr\s  
ukb2[mb*u  
  ⑥ 并列的宾语从句:what was good..., even whether...it was worth keeping。 37U x2t  
{jO:9O @  
  【翻译】 'D(|NYY  
2Sbo7e  
  这场辩论是由政府发动的,政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人——包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里,甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。 $K>'aI;|   
d6,SZ*AE  
  20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element prevented the decline in efficiency that so k44s V.G4L  
19O /Q,9  
  commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second third generation after the energetic founders. p+#$S4V  
':YFm  
  【词汇】 ]` 39E"zY  
_tDSG]  
  requirement: n. 要求;必要条件;必需品;资格 " UaUaSg#  
^x(BZolkm  
  engage: vt 聘用;吸引住 `%_yRJd|;  
OhMnG@@  
  efficiency: n. 效率,效能;能力;性能 L5$r<t<  
.`qw8e}y#'  
  spoil: vt. 损坏,糟蹋;把(酒,肉等)放坏;溺爱,宠坏(孩子等) bso l>M[<  
Ca}T)]//  
  energetic: adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的,精神饱满的 %GS^=Q r  
?/"Fwjau  
  【句式分析】  Za,rht  
 _0^f  
  ①句子的主干: The change met the technical requirements...prevented the 06pEA.ro  
*b#00)d  
  decline in efficiency; =(\ /+ 0-[  
}!-BZIOlO  
  ②介词短语作方式状语:by engaging a large professional element; W ~(4t:hp  
4rkj$  
  ③ 定语从句: that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms...after the +pDZ,c,  
.3Ex=aQcX  
  energetic founders 修饰先行词 decline in efficiency。 sXe=4`O  
Y:UDte[Lb  
  【翻译】 G&ZpQ)  
Op''=Ar#sh  
  这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求,并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的 :)7{$ OR&  
4rX jso|  
  创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候,经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。 [fVtQ@-S!  
$'m&RzZ  
  21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital industry greatly increased the numbers importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the lthe duties of the landowners; almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. bWp40&vx  
qU!xh )  
  【词汇】 ::'DWD1  
+-8u09-F  
  manipulation: n. 操作;操纵;控制 h$\+r<  
9hoTxWpmy  
  shareholder: n. 股东;股票持有者 i qLNX)  
B^8]quOH  
  irresponsible: adj. 不负责任的;不可靠的;缺乏责任心 Fh)`A5#  
bD*z"e  
  detach: vt. 分离,拆开;派遣;分派 JjO="Cmk/  
sf""]c$  
  landowner: n. 土地拥有者;地主 R 2.y=P8N  
 }vzZWe  
  【句式分析】 b \pjjb[  
BNA`Cc1VV  
  ① 句子的主干:manipulation increased the numbers importance; cSMiNR  
(<.uvq61  
  ②介词短语作后置定语:of capital industry 作后置定语修饰 manipulation; of shareholders as a class 作后置定语修饰 the numbers importance。 X{8/]'(  
;{@jj0h;  
  ③同位语:an element 作为 the shareholders as a class 的同位语; xRTr<j0s  
t, CC~  
  ④ 现在分词作定语:representing irresponsible wealth 作定语修饰 an element; DM*GvBdR  
.tFMa:   
  ⑤ 过去分词作定语:并列的过去分词 detached from the land...; and...detached from the responsible...修饰 wealth。 :)cn&'l(S  
:Fv d?[  
  【翻译】 ;c>Co:W  
u0 & aw  
  这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性,这是生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素,这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任,而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
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7楼  发表于: 07-01   
长难句解析 k@,&'imx  
$d@_R^]X  
  22. Towns like Bournemouth Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends occasionally attending a shareholders’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. 3n\eCdV-b<  
oH[4<K>  
  【词汇】 uTSTBI4t  
Wa/&H$d\u@  
  spring: vi. 跳跃;突然出现;发源。过去分词:sprang,短语:spring up 出现,涌现 2f;fdzjk8K  
d|nJp-%V  
  house: v. 给......提供住房;安置 D$ >gAv  
<Z8I#IPl  
  retire on: 退休后靠......(生活) Z$8 X1(o  
qTGEi  
  have no relation to: 与......没有关系 E0g` xf 6c  
|.]:#)^X?  
  draw dividends: 分红 evbqBb21b  
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  shareholder: 股东 @M:Uf7  
c]qq *k#  
  【句式分析】 LLa72HW  
,mu=#}a@}  
  ① 句子主干:Towns sprang up to house large “comfortable”classes; ]3+xJz~=  
5CSihw/5  
  ② 定语从句:两个 who 引导两个并列的定语从句,修饰先行词 classes; ;:w?&4  
F<KUVe  
  ③ except 为介词,其后的 that 指代 relation,except that of 相当于 except the relation of; O Oa}+^-j  
yK1Z&7>J>  
  ④ 不定式作目的状语:to dictate their orders to the management。 %T.4Aj  
pH?tr  
  【翻译】 SiD [54OM  
:/Zy=F9:  
  像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作,他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会,向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外,跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。 KUr}?sdz  
;8Z\bHQ>  
  23. The “shareholders” as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, his influence on the relations of capital labor was not good. )czuJ5  
\'rh7!v-u  
  【词汇】 kc0YWW Q-:  
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  as such: 就本身而论 O 23dtH  
ls(lL\  
  have no knowledge of: 对......一无所知 6LGy0dWpG  
@KM !g,f  
  share: n. 股;(参与、得到等的)份;市场占有率 {Jv m *   
Cf-R?gn]  
  capital: n. 资金;资本 T.1*32cX  
aY^_+&&G  
  【句式分析】 ;C1 ]gJZ,  
&cty&(2p  
  ① 句子主干:The “shareholders” had no knowledge, his influence was not good。 AE:IXP|c  
Up61Xn  
  ② 过去分词作后置定语:employed 做定语修饰 workmen。 &zl=}xeA  
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  ③ “介词+which”引导定语从句:in which 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 company。 ogt<vng  
[m>kOv6>^  
  【翻译】 .xR J )9q  
[4V{~`sF  
  这样的“股东”对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知,而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。 }L.xt88  
`QH-VR\_  
  24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Ap&Bwo 8b  
Cr?|bDv}o  
  【词汇】 5iE-$,7#L  
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  act for: 代表(某人),代替(某人)执行某公务 |sf&t  
IMaa#8,  
  patriarchal: adj. 家长的;族长的;父权的 9oOr-9t3  
o!q3+Pp;}  
  pass away: (时间等)消磨掉;去世;终止;停止; d5/x2!mH8  
_K(w &Kr  
  【句式分析】 ~x:\xQti  
+Y7"!wYR>  
  ① 句子主干: The manager was in more direct relation with the men their demands, but he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen; ('H[[YODh  
gq[|>Rs75  
  ② 过去分词作前置定语:paid 修饰 manager; zZ rUS'8  
A4Dj4n0  
  ③ 现在分词作后置定语:acting for the company 修饰 manager; $a'n{EP  
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  ④ 定语从句:which the employer had...passing away,which 引导定语从句修饰限定 that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen; .M3]\I u  
nVkPYeeT  
  ⑤ 介词短语作状语:under the more patriarchal system of the old family business; )tB:g.2k  
o:`>r/SlL  
  ⑥ 现在分词作后置定语:passing away 作后置定语修饰 the old family business。 `a$-"tW~j  
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  【翻译】 y~,mIM$[@  
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  代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接,但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。
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8楼  发表于: 07-01   
 长难句解析 J.nJ@?O+  
K)e;*D  
  25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’sexcellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology T7F)'Mx<  
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  the practice of giving premiums to inventors; above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological. KwEyMR!  
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  【词汇】 [(*ObvEF  
y `)oD0)Fj  
  shaping factor: 形成因素 W3AtO  
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  single out: 挑选出  l,}^<P]  
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  elementary: adj. 基本的;初级的;[化]元素的 rMV<}C ^  
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  labor force: 劳动力 w+^z{3>  
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  premium: n. 额外费用;保险费;附加费 dV~d60jOF  
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  above all: 最重要的是 at N%csA0  
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  spatial: adj. 空间的;存在于空间的;占大篇幅的  Sj,>O:p  
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  【句式分析】 EWU(Al T  
mVSaC  
  ① 句子主干:I would single out...。 {? a@UUvC  
W*S !}ZT`  
  ② 分号间隔了三个并列的宾语:the country’s excellent elementary schools; the practice of Zze(Ik  
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  giving premiums to inventors; the American genius。 l.Psh7B2  
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  ③ 冒号后面的内容为解释说明:a labor force that welcomed the new technology。 &,4 3&pFU  
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  【翻译】 KS9 e V  
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  在许多形成因素当中,我将挑选出这些:这个优秀的小学教育:欢迎新技术的劳动者们;奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、“空间性的”思考方面的天赋。 W7sx/O9  
7H,p/G?]k  
  26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, “A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer the inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate in their minds devices that as BGe&c,feIc  
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  yet do not exist”. `1 tD&te0  
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  【词汇】 )/B' ODa  
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  point out: 指出 t V]BcDp  
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  be reduced to: n. 减少;缩小 qjtrU#n  
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  unambiguous: adj. 不含糊的;清楚的;明白的 `.0WK  
3lZ5N@z69  
  deal with: 处理 DbL=2  
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  assemble: v. 集合,收集 e 2P ds`  
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  manipulate: v. 操作;处理 ['G@`e*\  
a$7}41F[~s  
  【句式分析】 ,g"[7Za  
&B;M.sz~C4  
  ① 句子主干:A technologist thinks about objects...The designer the q@"0(Oj  
"IvFkS=*Q  
  inventor.., are able to assemble manipulate devices。 (B0tgg^jj,  
tbNIl cAWS  
  ② 非限定性定语从句:As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out,从句修饰的内容是双引号里面的内容。 *[QFIDn:  
>=WlrmI  
  ③ 定语从句:that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions 修饰先行 Kc%GxD`  
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  词 objects;that as yet do not exist 修饰先行词 devices。 o-m9}pV  
V1 H3}  
  ④ 冒号后面的内容为解释说明: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal 1U/ dc.x5  
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  process。 JF+E.-fy$  
v Mi&0$  
  【翻译】 9(CY"Tc3  
zFq8xw  
  正如尤金·弗格森所指出的那样:“一个技术希赛网思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。” -k+}w_<Q  
a@ub%laL Z  
  27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers,screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, S 6|#9C&  
y>5??q  
  considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea". WqHsf1? N  
5g$]ou  
  【词汇】 RTJ\|#w  
p1blPBlp  
  mechanic: n. 技工,机修工 bS!4vc1`2  
J$/'nL<{^  
  lever: n. 杠杆 o-f;$]yp>  
Y]33:c_;Mo  
  screw: n. 螺丝钉;螺旋桨 L2j7w006  
T|L_ +(M{  
  wedge: n. 楔;楔形物 k\NwH?ppu  
YIc|0[ ]*|  
  alphabet:n. 字母表;字母系统 7@6B\':  
sb3k? q  
  exhibition:n. 表明;陈列,展览 l0&Y", vy  
:9O"?FE  
  transmit: v. 传递;传输,传送;发射 B}&9+2M  
?C6DK{S(  
  【句式分析】 68 *~5]  
9bxBm  
  ① 句子主干:Robert Fulton once wrote, “The mechanic should sit down...”。 m,"N 4a@  
yG ,oSp|  
  ② 介词短语做定语:like a poet among the letters of the alphabet,补充完整为定语从句是:who islike a poet among the letters of the alphabet。 6zf3A:]&{  
!gKz=-C  
  ③ 现在分词作状语:considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts W7 .Y`u[  
l )m]<E X  
  ④ 非限定定语从句:in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea,用来修饰先行词 an exhibition of his thoughts。 /KCJ)0UU  
Xe J|Z)qZ  
  【翻译】 O7x'q<PFU  
i"HENJyCb  
  罗伯特·法欧特曾经这样写到:“一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中,就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中,把这些字母看成自己思想的展示,在这样的展示中,每种新的次序安排都传达了——种新的思想。” 5J1q ]^  
-UMPt"o  
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